FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH KNEE JOINT PAIN LEADING TO OSTEOARTHRITIS AND PREVENTIVE MEASURES TAKEN
Main Article Content
Keywords
Osteoarthritis, factors, joint pain, types of treatments, different joints.
Abstract
Objective: To estimate factors associated with knee joint pain leading to osteoarthritis and preventive measures taken in patients visiting hayatabad medical complex, Peshawar.
Study design: Descriptive cross-sectional study
Place and duration of study: form jan 2022 to March 2022 Hayatabad medical complex
Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in Hayatabad medical complex from 1st January to March 2022 with non probability convenience sampling. Sample size taken was 320 individuals of age 20 years to 80 years from Hayatabad medical complex of Peshawar KPK . A semi-structured questionnaire was designed and consists of questions about demographic information, including age, gender, place of residence , education, occupation, weather condition, BMI, physical activity and drugs used to subside the pain. Pre-testing was done to check the feasibility, the sequence of questions and weight was measured in kg while where as height was in meters or inches. The sample was analyzed by SPSS version 22. Descriptive statistics was calculated for all the included variables.
Results: Among 320 individuals 112 were males while 208 were females reported to the tertiary hospital with pain in joints 61.87% were living in rural and 38.12% were living in urban areas 49.47% were primary passed while 28% were graduates and 41.8% were matric passed with low or moderate socioeconomic status. The preventive measure taken was 18.12% on medicine to cure the pain 18.44% were interested to take physical therapy 16.88% were taking surgical treatment and 46.56% were on conservative treatment which includes exercise, weight loss, rest and walking. Patients with chronic diseases were diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis 37.8% and 36.56% respectively. The pain was aggravated in cold weather and reduced in hot weather. BMI was taken in which 32.5% were overweight have osteoarthritis.
Conclusion: The present study concluded that various risk factors e.g increased BMI, cold and dry Weather, females, rural areas, various treatment modalities and low educational status leading to osteoarthritis. Various preventive measures taken were exercise, use of various supplements and diet control.
References
2. Kraus VB, Blanco FJ, Englund M, Karsdal MA, Lohmander LS. Call for standardized definitions of osteoarthritis and risk stratification for clinical trials and clinical use. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2015;23(8):1233–1241.
3. Zhang Y, Jordan JM. Epidemiology of osteoarthritis. ClinGeriatr Med. 2010 Aug;26(3):355-69. Erratum in: ClinGeriatr Med. 2013 May;29(2):ix.
4. Grazio S, Balen D. Obesity: Risk factor and predictors of osteoarthritis. LijecVjesn. 2009;131:22–6.
5. Bliddal H, Christensen R. The treatment and prevention of knee osteoarthritis: a tool for clinical decision-making. Expert OpinPharmacother. 2009;10:1793–804.
6. Zhang Y, Jordan JM. Epidemiology of osteoarthritis. ClinGeriatr Med. 2010;26:355–69.
7. Peat G, McCarney R, Croft P. Knee pain and osteoarthritis in older adults: a review of community burden and current use of primary health care. Ann Rheum Dis. 2001;60:91–7.
8. Sowers M, Karvonen-Gutierrez CA, Jacobson JA, Jiang Y, Yosef M. Associations of anatomical measures from MRI with radiographically defined knee osteoarthritis score, pain, and physical functioning. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2011;93:241–51.
9. Andrianakos AA, Kontelis LK, Karamitsos DG, et al. Prevalence of symptomatic knee, hand, and hip osteoarthritis in Greece. The ESORDIG study. J Rheumatol. 2006;33:2507–13.
10. Zhang W, Doherty M, Peat G, et al. EULAR evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010;69:483–9.
11. Heidari B. Rheumatic diseases. 1st ed. Babol: Iran Baboluniversity of medical sciences publication; 2002.
12. Kloppenburg M, Berenbaum F. Osteoarthritis year in review 2019: epidemiology and therapy. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2020 Mar;28(3):242-248.
13. Nishimura A, Hasegawa M, Kato K, Yamada T, Uchida A, Sudo A. Risk factors for the incidence and progression of radiographic osteoarthritis of the knee among Japanese. IntOrthop. 2011;35:839–843.
14. Wang Y, Simpson JA, Wluka AE, Teichtahl AJ, English DR, Giles GG, et al. Is physical activity a risk factor for primary knee or hip replacement due to osteoarthritis? A prospective cohort study. J Rheumatol. 2011;38:350–357.
15. Lee JY, Harvey WF, Price LL, Paulus JK, Dawson-Hughes B, McAlindon TE. Relationship of bone mineral density to progression of knee osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2013;65:1541–1546.
16. Kaur R, Ghosh A, Singh A. Prevalence of knee osteoarthritis and its determinants in 30-60 years old women of Gurdaspur, Punjab. Int J Med Sci Public Health 2018;7(10):825-830.
17. Kaur R, Sharma VL, Singh A. Prevalence of Knee Osteoarthritis and its Correlation in Women of Rural and Urban Parts of Hoshiarpur (Punjab). J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2015;49(1):32-36.
18. Rita Sharma. Effectiveness of Mobilisation with Movement versus conventional physiotherapy on pain and functions among patients with unilateral medial compartment tibiofemoral knee osteoarthritis. International Journal of Research and Review (ijrrjournal.com) Vol. 9; Issue: 9; 2022.
19. Wu, RY., Pan, RH., Wu, CY. et al. Association between weather and utilisation of physical therapy in patients with osteoarthritis: a case-crossover study. BMC MusculoskeletDisord 23, 269 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-022-05233-9
20. Page CJ, Hinman RS, Bennell KL. Physiotherapy management of knee osteoarthritis. Int J Rheum Dis. 2011;14:145–151.
Article Sidebar
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
All articles published in JPTCP are licensed under Copyright Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Hamza Khan
MBBS ,FCPS-1 Scholar, Training Medical Officer ,Khyber Teaching Hospital ,Peshawar Pakistan,
Mushfiq Ahmad
Student of Kabir Medical College, Gandhara University, Peshawar.
Syeda Gulrukh Saba Shah
B.D.S, M.P.H, Mphil Anatomy, CHPE, CHR, Assistant Professor in Anatomy department, Kabir Medical College, Gandhara University, Peshawr, Pakistan
Farhana Jabeen Shah
MBBS, MPH,CHPE, CHR,Associate Professor in a department of Community Medicine Kabir Medical College, Gandhara University Peshawar, Pakistan
Hajra Johar
DPT, working as Physiotherapist at Army Military Center for special children, Nowshera, Pakistan
Sitara Hayat Khan
DPT from Khyber Medical University ,MS from Riphah International University Islamabad, working as Clinical Supervisor at Akbar Kare Institute, Peshawar ,Pakistan .