Prevalence of Hookah smoking and its association with anemia in women of Reproductive age group
Main Article Content
Keywords
Hookah smoking, Hemoglobin, Reproductive age group, Anemia
Abstract
Background:
Smoking (Hookah) is common in Pakistan even among women of reproductive age group so this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Hookah smoking and its association with Anemia among Women of reproductive age group.
Methodology:
A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Teaching Hospital, Hub, Balochistan from January 2021 to March 2021. 234 non-pregnant Female participants aged less than 40 who were not taking any medications for anemia were included in the study. After taking a detailed history and sociodemographic data, a venous blood sample of 3cc was taken and was analyzed for hematological parameters. The mean difference of hematological parameters among Hookah smokers and non-Hookah smokers and the association of Hookah Smoking with Residence, Literacy Level, Family Type, and Anemia was analyzed using SPSS version 23.
Results:
In this study, it has been found that 13.7% of rural participants were smokers while 22.2% of urban participants were smokers. There were 51.3% of our participants were anemic, among these 23.1% were smokers while 28.1% were non-smokers and the association between these two parameters has p p-value of 0.003 which is statistically significant. The association between normocytic and microcytic anemia among smokers and non-smokers also shows significant results having a p value of 0.006. MCV and MCHC values were also significantly less among hookah smokers as compared to non-smokers having p-value>0.05.
Conclusion:
We conclude that an association exists between hookah smoking and hematological parameters like hemoglobin concentration. MCV, MCH, and MCHC.
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
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Yasmeen Gul
Assistant Professor, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Teaching Hospital Hub, Balochistan.
Mohammad Afzal
Head, Department of ENT, Mekran Medical College, Turbat
Noman Sadiq
Assistant Professor, Physiology, Mekran Medical College, Turbat
Bakhtawar Baloch
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Mekran Medical College, Turbat
Hammad Raziq
Assistant Professor, Physiology, Bakhtawar Amin Medical and Dental College, Multan
Romana Mehwish
Assistant Professor, Physiology, Bakhtawar Amin Medical and Dental College, Multan