AVIGATING THE HYPERTENSION EPIDEMIC: A CROSS-SECTIONAL EXAMINATION OF PREVALENCE, RISK FACTORS, AND LIFESTYLE INFLUENCES IN A DIVERSE ADULT COHORT
Main Article Content
Keywords
Hypertension, Sympathetic nervous system, RAAS, Endothelial dysfunction, Risk factors, Vasoactive substances, Lifestyle modifications, Concomitant diseases, Demographic data, Cross-sectional survey, Dietary habits, Physical activity, Stress levels, Family history, Smoking, Alcohol consumption, Symptom prevalence, public health, Urban vs rural, young adults, Blood pressure, Health management
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background: Hypertension (HTN) is a considerable public health concern worldwide, significantly contributing to cardiovascular diseases and mortality. Hypertension ranks third amidst cardiovascular risk factors, substantially expanding heart disease, stroke, and renal failure risks.
Aim: This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of hypertension and its associated risk factors among adults aged between 18-65.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was organized by using a structured questionnaire administered via Google Forms. Data from the questionnaire were analyzed using Excel. Percentages were used to summarize the data and to evaluate the prevalence of HTN.
Results: The study included 300 participants, covering various demographic factors such as age, gender, weight, marital status, residency, family system, and employment status. The survey also assessed risk factors including family history, dietary habits, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, and stress levels. Additionally, the study evaluated the duration of hypertension, symptom prevalence, lifestyle modifications, and the impact of concomitant diseases on hypertension.
The survey revealed that 32.3% of participants were male and 67.8% female, with the majority aged between 18-24 years. Weight distribution showed significant variability, with most participants falling within the 40-60 kg range. The majority were unmarried (81.4%) and resided in urban areas (38.1%). Regarding risk factors, 41% had a family history of hypertension, 32.2% had unhealthy dietary habits, and 53.7% engaged in moderate physical activity. High salt intake and stress were recognized as major contributors to hypertension. Among those diagnosed with hypertension, symptom prevalence included dizziness (26.3%), headaches (34.2%), and shortness of breath (5.3%). Treatment adherence varied, with 63.2% following prescribed lifestyle modifications.
Conclusion: The study shows that among every 100 people 11 people are HTN patients. Lifestyle elements contributing to hypertension was family history of hypertension, moderate physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, stress and high salt intake was primarily recognized as a factor to hypertension. Based on the results public health campaigns, lifestyle interventions, improved screening, patient education and incorporated health care are suggested to tackle hypertension prevalence
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Asfia Arooje
Department of Pharmacy, The University of Chenab, Gujrat.
Muhammad Naeem
Department of Pharmacy, The University of Chenab, Gujrat.
Zainab Sadiqqa
Department of Pharmacy, The University of Chenab, Gujrat.
Ishrat Yaseen
School of medical science, Johar institute of professional studies, Lahore, Pakistan
Minal Maqsood
Department of Pharmacy, The University of Chenab, Gujrat
Tayyaba Zahid
Department of Pharmacy, The University of Chenab, Gujrat.
Mehwish Fatima
Department of Pharmacy, The University of Chenab, Gujrat.
Salaha Nadeem
Department of Pharmacy, The University of Chenab, Gujrat.
Sitara Amjad
Department of Pharmacy, The University of Chenab, Gujrat.
Hadiya Sajid
Department of Pharmacy, The University of Chenab, Gujrat.
Aqsa Asi
Department of Pharmacy, The University of Chenab, Gujrat.
Waqar Siddique
Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University Lahore Campus, 54000, Lahore, Pakistan.
Amir Jalal
Department of Biochemistry, Sahara University, Narowal.