UROLITHIASIS: A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY ON PREVALENCE, RISK FACTORS, CLINICAL PRESENTATION, AND STONE CHARACTERISTICS
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Keywords
Urolithiasis, ultrasonography, lith-size, crystals-stone, Tertiary care Hospitals, Peshawar
Abstract
Urolithiasis, a common condition in Pakistan, has seen a recent decline in prevalence due to improved living standards. Major causes include structural abnormalities and metabolic disorders. The study was conducted at Tertiary care Hospitals, Peshawar with 1450 participants from November 2022 to March 2023, revealed risk factors like Rice (72%), Carbonated Drinks (67%), Spinach (53%), Potato (92%), Pulses (82%), Smoking (43%), and Sweets (100%). Clinical symptoms included abdominal pain (81%), vomiting (53%), and urination pain (76%), blood in urine (83%), nausea (97%), fever (85%), polyuria (63%), pyuria (59%), hematuria (54%), and dehydration (23%). Blood group analysis showed B+ (45.3%) and O+ (32%) as most prevalent, with a strong correlation (rs = 0.96429, p = 0.00045) between blood group and urolithiasis. Stone composition included Ca. Oxalate (623), amorphous crystals (128), and Ca. Phosphate (521). Location-wise, 351 had Ureteral, 27 Renal-pelvic, 67 Calyx, and 78 Calyceal stones. Stone types included 359 Ca. Oxalate, 112 Uric Acid, 34 Cysteine, and 118 Ca. Phosphate. Sizes varied: 3mm (374 cases, Mean ± SD: 68.5±27.3), 4mm (187 cases, Mean ± SD: 46.7±12.4), 6mm (43 cases, Mean ± SD: 10.7±4.38), and 7mm (19 cases, Mean ± SD: 4.7±3.74). A randomized clinical trial is recommended for a precise evaluation of prophylactic interventions versus an anticipatory approach.
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
All articles published in JPTCP are licensed under Copyright Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Awais khan
Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University, Mansehra – Pakistan
Zulfiqar Ali Abdul Sattar
Department of Physiology, Northern Border University, Ar’ar - Saudi Arabia.
Aamna Shah
Department of Pharmacy, Women Institute of Learning and Rehabilitation Sciences Abbottabad - Pakistan
Saman Batool
Gomal Center of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan – Pakistan
Hira Hassan
Department of Hematology, Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute & Research Center, Lahore - Pakistan
Sumbal Nosheen
Department of Pharmacy, The Children’s Hospital and University of Child Health Sciences, Lahore - Pakistan
Muhammad Nabeel
Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University, Mansehra - Pakistan