ANALYSIS OF THE GENETIC DIVERSITY AND PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIP OF HIV (GP-41) SEQUENCES FROM DIFFERENT REGIONS OF PAKISTAN
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Keywords
Human Immunodeficiency Virus, HIV associated biomarkers, polymorphism, envelop gene GP41
Abstract
Background: The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a highly morphic, retrovirus that rapidly evolves through mutation as well as recombination. However, no significant data of sequenced glycoprotein (GP41) of HIV exist in Pakistan due to its fast mutation rate. The purpose of this study is to analyze the polymorphism rate in HIV envelop gene (GP41).
Methodology: The current study was conducted at The University of Haripur, Department of Microbiology. Initially, RNA extraction and reverse transcription were carried out under Punjab AIDS Control Program, the molecular analyses was carried out at the microbiology lab of The University of Haripur. Molecular sequencing was done by the Center for Applied Microbiology (CAMB), Lahore and the blood parameters were analyzed at the Yahya Welfare Complex Haripur, KP, Pakistan.
Results: Out of 57, thirty seven (37) were identified as HIV positive by CMIA method and confirmed by PCR. Out of 37 isolated, 4 (10.8%) isolates carry GP41 gene. GP41 of HIV1 was divided into 2 fragments of 494 bp and 552 bp for PCR amplification, after sequencing process, the resultant sequences were merged to obtain a complete GP41 sequence. Bioinformatic analysis of sequenced data detected substitutions in 11 codon positions. Alanine substitution with threonine, arginine with cysteine, serine with proline, serine with leucine, valine with leucine, serine with alanine were detected. Some of these substitutions were related to enfuvirtide resistance.
Conclusion: This study serves as a platform for healthcare providers to monitor HIV-related clinical biomarkers, preventing early toxicity, improving patient quality of life, and reducing mortality rates. The study's polymorphism analysis reveals substitution points for refined drug design against the frequently mutating envelope gene, enhancing therapeutic resistance coverage.
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Muhammad Zahid Ali
Yahya Welfare Complex Hospital, Haripur.
Rabeea Zia
Department of Chemical Pathology, Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute & Research Center, Lahore 54000.
Danish Daniyal
Department of Microbiology, Hazara University, Mansehra.
Sumbal Nosheen
Department of Pharmacy, The Children's Hospital and the University of Child Health Sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan.
Syed Sohail Ahmad
Lecturer at Department of Medical Laboratory, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Institute of Medical sciences, KPK, Pakistan.
Mazhar
Department of Microbiology, Hazara university, Mansehra.
Sana Sardar
Department of Zoology, University of Peshawar.
Anis Shahzad Khan
Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab
Sumaira Salahuddin Lodhi
Department of Biochemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra.
Azhar Abbas
Department of Biochemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra.
Shah Zeb
Department of Microbiology, Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute & Research Center, Lahore 54000.
Ayesha Kousar
Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Gent university, Gent, Belgium.
Muhammad Naveed
Department of Microbiology, Hazara University, Mansehra.