TARAXACUM OFFICINALE AND CIRSIUM ARVENSE METHANOLIC EXTRACTS AMELIORATE OXIDATIVE STRESS AND LIPID PROFILE IN HIGH FAT DIET-INDUCED HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC RATS
Main Article Content
Keywords
Taraxacum officinale, Cirsium arvense, Hypercholesterolemia, Antioxidant activity, Paraoxonase activity
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of Taraxacum officinale and Cirsium arvense to ameliorate oxidative stress and lipid profile. For this purpose, methanol extract of the Taraxacum officinale and Cirsium arvense was prepared. Total phenol and total flavonoid content of the extract was performed. In vitro, the antioxidant activity of the plants was evaluated by ABTS, FRAP and DPPH assay. Then, 6 weeks old 40 albino rats were taken for in vivo study. Rats were divided into 5 groups; control group (CON), hypercholesterolemic group and Saline solution (HC+Saline), hypercholesterolemia and Atorvastatin (Hc+As), hypercholesterolemia and Cirsium arvense (Hc+Cs) and hypercholesterolemia and Taraxacum officinale (HC+To). Chow maintenance diet was served to the control group throughout the experiment. All the groups were fed on high-fat diet and treatments for 42 days. At the end of the experiment, animals were slaughtered to collect blood and serum for analysis of oxidative stress indicators, lipid profile and liver enzyme levels. Results showed the presence of TPC and TFC in both plants Taraxacum officinale and Cirsium arvense. Methanol extracts also showed antioxidant activity in ABTS, FRAP and DPPH assay. In experimental model, results showed that total antioxidant capacity (TAC), Paraoxonase activity, arylesterase activity, catalase, and SOD were significantly increased in Hc+To and Hc+Cs group as compared to the other groups. TOS and MDA were significantly decreased in treatment Hc+To and Hc+Cs group as compared to the other groups. Total cholesterol, LDL and triglyceride levels was also reduced in Hc+To and Hc+Cs group as compared to the other groups. The extract improved the HDL level in Hc+To and Hc+Cs groups. The study concluded that Taraxacum officinale and Cirsium arvense has the ability to improve the oxidative stress and lipid profile.
References
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14. Wirngo FE, Lambert MN, Jeppesen PB. The physiological effects of dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) in type 2 diabetes. Rev Diabet Stud: RDS. 2016;13(2-3):113.
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18. Tsai KL, Kao CL, Hung CH, Cheng YH, Lin HC, Chu PM. Chicoric acid is a potent anti-atherosclerotic ingredient by anti-oxidant action and anti-inflammation capacity. Oncotarget. 2017;8(18):29600.
19. Hu C, Kitts DD. Luteolin and luteolin-7-O-glucoside from dandelion flower suppress iNOS and COX-2 in RAW264. 7 cells. Mol Cell Biochem. 2004;265:107-13.
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23. Mustafa I, Faisal MN, Hussain G, Muzaffar H, Imran M, Ijaz MU, Sohail MU, Iftikhar A, Shaukat A, Anwar H. Efficacy of Euphorbia helioscopia in context to a possible connection between antioxidant and antidiabetic activities: a comparative study of different extracts. BMC Complement. Med. Ther. 2021;21:1-2.
24. Singh KL, Bag GC. Phytochemical analysis and determination of total phenolics content in water extracts of three species of Hedychium. Int J Pharmtech Res. 2013;5(4):1516-21.
25. Kainama H, Fatmawati S, Santoso M, Papilaya PM, Ersam T. The relationship of free radical scavenging and total phenolic and flavonoid contents of Garcinia lasoar PAM. Pharm chem j. 2020;53:1151-7.
26. Nisar J, Ali Shah SM, Ayaz S, Akram M, Rashid A, Mustafa I, Nisar Z. In vitro comparative evaluation of Tamarix gallica extracts for antioxidant and antidiabetic activity. Exp Biol Med. 2023;248(3):253-62.
27. Nisar J, Shah SM, Akram M, Ayaz S, Rashid A. Phytochemical screening, antioxidant, and inhibition activity of Picrorhiza kurroa against α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Dose-Response. 2022;20(2):15593258221095960.
28. Nisar J, Mustafa I, Anwar H, Sohail MU, Hussain G, Ullah MI, Faisal MN, Bukhari SA, Basit A. Shiitake culinary-medicinal mushroom, Lentinus edodes (Agaricomycetes): a species with antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and hepatoprotective activities in hypercholesterolemic rats. Int J Med Mushrooms. 2017;19(11).
29. Anwar H, Rahman ZU, Javed I, Muhammad F. Effect of protein, probiotic, and symbiotic supplementation on serum biological health markers of molted layers. Poult sci. 2012;91(10):2606-13.
30. Mustafa I, Anwar H, Irfan S, Muzaffar H, Ijaz MU. Attenuation of carbohydrate metabolism and lipid profile by methanolic extract of Euphorbia helioscopia and improvement of beta cell function in a type 2 diabetic rat model. BMC Complement. Med. Ther. 2022;22(1):1-2.
31. Engelmann B, Streich S, Schönthier UM, Richter WO, Duhm J. Changes of membrane phospholipid composition of human erythrocytes in hyperlipidemias. I. Increased phosphatidylcholine and reduced sphingomyelin in patients with elevated levels of triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, Lipids Lipid Metab. 1992;1165(1):32-7.
32. Ludwig PW, Hunninghake D, Hoidal J. Increased leucocyte oxidative metabolism in hyperlipoproteinaemia. The Lancet. 1982;320(8294):348-50.
33. Macallan DC, Noble C, Baldwin C, Foskett M, McManus T, Griffin GE. Prospective analysis of patterns of weight change in stage IV human immunodeficiency virus infection. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1993;58(3):417-24.
34. Prasad K, Mishra M. Mechanism of hypercholesterolemia-induced atherosclerosis. Rev Cardiovasc Med. 2022;23(6):212.
35. Watts GF, Catapano AL, Masana L, Zambon A, Pirillo A, Tokgözoğlu L. Hypercholesterolemia and cardiovascular disease: Focus on high cardiovascular risk patients. Atheroscler Suppl. 2020;42:e30-4.
36. González-Lleó AM, Sánchez-Hernández RM, Boronat M, Wägner AM. Diabetes and familial hypercholesterolemia: Interplay between lipid and glucose metabolism. Nutrients. 2022;14(7):1503.
37. De Geest B, Mishra M. Role of oxidative stress in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Antioxid. 2022;11(4):784.
38. Izzo C, Vitillo P, Di Pietro P, Visco V, Strianese A, Virtuoso N, Ciccarelli M, Galasso G, Carrizzo A, Vecchione C. The role of oxidative stress in cardiovascular aging and cardiovascular diseases. Life. 2021;11(1):60.
39. Khan AS, Arif K, Munir B, Kiran S, Jalal F, Qureshi N, Hassan SM, Soomro GA, Nazir A, Ghaffar A, Tahir MA. Estimating total phenolics in Taraxacum officinale (L.) extracts. Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2019;28(1):497.
40. Chon SU, Bae CH, Lee SC. Antioxidant and cytotoxic potentials of methanol extracts from Taraxacum officinale FH Wigg. at different plant parts. Korean J. Plant Res. 2012;25(2):232-9.
41. Hossain ML, Monjur-Al-Hossain AS, Sadhu SK. HPLC Profiling and evaluation of in-vitro antioxidant activity of Cirsium arvense L.(Family: Asteraceae). J. pharmacogn. Phytochem. 2016;5(1):272-7.
42. Shamsutdinova SR, Pupykina KA, Krasyuk EV, Startseva LV. Validation of the methodology of quantitative determination of flavonoids in the herbae of Cirsium arvense (L.). Problems of Biological Medical and Pharmaceutical Chemistry. 2021;24(6):36-41.
43. Ivanov IG. Polyphenols content and antioxidant activities of Taraxacum officinale FH Wigg (dandelion) leaves. Int. J. Pharmacogn. Phytochem. Res. 2014;6:889-93.
44. Jedrejek D, Lis B, Rolnik A, Stochmal A, Olas B. Comparative phytochemical, cytotoxicity, antioxidant and haemostatic studies of Taraxacum officinale root preparations. Food Chem Toxicol. 2019;126:233-47.
45. Sumanth M, Rana AC. In vivo antioxidant activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Taraxacum officinale roots in rats. Indian J. Pharmacol. 2006;38(1):54.
46. Choi UK, Lee OH, Yim JH, Cho CW, Rhee YK, Lim SI, Kim YC. Hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects of dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) root and leaf on cholesterol-fed rabbits. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2010;11(1):67-78.
47. You Y, Yoo S, Yoon HG, Park J, Lee YH, Kim S, Oh KT, Lee J, Cho HY, Jun W. In vitro and in vivo hepatoprotective effects of the aqueous extract from Taraxacum officinale (dandelion) root against alcohol-induced oxidative stress. Food Chem Toxicol. 2010;48(6):1632-7.
48. Al-Malki AL, Abo-Golayel MK, Abo-Elnaga G, Al-Beshri H. Hepatoprotective effect of dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) against induced chronic liver cirrhosis. Med Plants Res. 2013;7:1494-505.
2. Ference BA, Yoo W, Alesh I, Mahajan N, Mirowska KK, Mewada A, Kahn J, Afonso L, Williams KA, Flack JM. Effect of long-term exposure to lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol beginning early in life on the risk of coronary heart disease: a Mendelian randomization analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;60(25):2631-9.
3. Singh UN, Kumar S, Dhakal S. Study of oxidative stress in hypercholesterolemia. Int. J. Contemp. Med. 2017;4(5):1204-7.
4. Su LJ, Zhang JH, Gomez H, Murugan R, Hong X, Xu D, Jiang F, Peng ZY. Reactive oxygen species-induced lipid peroxidation in apoptosis, autophagy, and ferroptosis. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2019;2019.
5. Gianazza E, Brioschi M, Martinez Fernandez A, Casalnuovo F, Altomare A, Aldini G, Banfi C. Lipid peroxidation in atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2021;34(1):49-98.
6. Waters DD. What the statin trials have taught us. Am J Cardiol . 2006;98(1):129-34.
7. Ridker PM, Mora S, Rose L. Fasttrack: Editor's choice: Percent reduction in LDL cholesterol following high-intensity statin therapy: potential implications for guidelines and for the prescription of emerging lipid-lowering agents. Eur Heart J. 2016;37(17):1373.
8. Martin SS, Gosch K, Kulkarni KR, Spertus JA, Mathews R, Ho PM, Maddox TM, Newby LK, Alexander KP, Wang TY. Modifiable factors associated with failure to attain low-density lipoprotein cholesterol goal at 6 months after acute myocardial infarction. Am Heart J. 2013;165(1):26-33.
9. Virani SS, Woodard LD, Chitwood SS, Landrum CR, Urech TH, Wang D, Murawsky J, Ballantyne CM, Petersen LA. Frequency and correlates of treatment intensification for elevated cholesterol levels in patients with cardiovascular disease. Am Heart J. 2011;162(4):725-32.
10. Cohen JD, Brinton EA, Ito MK, Jacobson TA. Understanding Statin Use in America and Gaps in Patient Education (USAGE): an internet-based survey of 10,138 current and former statin users. J Clin Lipidol. 2012;6(3):208-15.
11. Kosmas CE, Frishman WH. New and Emerging LDL Cholesterol–Lowering Drugs. Am J Ther. 2015;22(3):234-41.
12. Kania-Dobrowolska M, Baraniak J. Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale L.) as a source of biologically active compounds supporting the therapy of co-existing diseases in metabolic syndrome. Foods. 2022;11(18):2858.
13. Di Napoli A, Zucchetti P. A comprehensive review of the benefits of Taraxacum officinale on human health. Bull Natl Res Cent. 2021;45(1):1-7.
14. Wirngo FE, Lambert MN, Jeppesen PB. The physiological effects of dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) in type 2 diabetes. Rev Diabet Stud: RDS. 2016;13(2-3):113.
15. Jędrejek D, Kontek B, Lis B, Stochmal A, Olas B. Evaluation of antioxidant activity of phenolic fractions from the leaves and petals of dandelion in human plasma treated with H2O2 and H2O2/Fe. Chem Biol Interact. 2017 Jan 25;262:29-37.
16. Schütz, K., Kammerer, D.R., Carle, R. and Schieber, A., 2005. Characterization of phenolic acids and flavonoids in dandelion (Taraxacum officinale WEB. ex WIGG.) root and herb by high‐performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom : An International Journal Devoted to the Rapid Dissemination of Up‐to‐the‐Minute Research in Mass Spectrometry, 19(2), pp.179-186.
17. Williams CA, Goldstone F, Greenham J. Flavonoids, cinnamic acids and coumarins from the different tissues and medicinal preparations of Taraxacum officinale. Phytochem. 1996;42(1):121-7.
18. Tsai KL, Kao CL, Hung CH, Cheng YH, Lin HC, Chu PM. Chicoric acid is a potent anti-atherosclerotic ingredient by anti-oxidant action and anti-inflammation capacity. Oncotarget. 2017;8(18):29600.
19. Hu C, Kitts DD. Luteolin and luteolin-7-O-glucoside from dandelion flower suppress iNOS and COX-2 in RAW264. 7 cells. Mol Cell Biochem. 2004;265:107-13.
20. Ferdosi MF, Khan IH, Javaid A, Fardosi MF. GC-MS examination of methanolic extract of Cirsium arvense flower. Pak. J. Weed Sci. Res. 2021;27(2):173-80.
21. Dehjurian A, Lari J, Motavalizadehkakhky A. Anti-bacterial activity of extract and the chemical composition of essential oils in Cirsium arvense from Iran. J. Essent. Oil-Bear. Plants. 2017;20(4):1162-6.
22. Amiri N, Yadegari M, Hamedi B. Essential oil composition of Cirsium arvense L. produced in different climate and soil properties. Rec. Nat. Prod. 2018;12(3):251-62.
23. Mustafa I, Faisal MN, Hussain G, Muzaffar H, Imran M, Ijaz MU, Sohail MU, Iftikhar A, Shaukat A, Anwar H. Efficacy of Euphorbia helioscopia in context to a possible connection between antioxidant and antidiabetic activities: a comparative study of different extracts. BMC Complement. Med. Ther. 2021;21:1-2.
24. Singh KL, Bag GC. Phytochemical analysis and determination of total phenolics content in water extracts of three species of Hedychium. Int J Pharmtech Res. 2013;5(4):1516-21.
25. Kainama H, Fatmawati S, Santoso M, Papilaya PM, Ersam T. The relationship of free radical scavenging and total phenolic and flavonoid contents of Garcinia lasoar PAM. Pharm chem j. 2020;53:1151-7.
26. Nisar J, Ali Shah SM, Ayaz S, Akram M, Rashid A, Mustafa I, Nisar Z. In vitro comparative evaluation of Tamarix gallica extracts for antioxidant and antidiabetic activity. Exp Biol Med. 2023;248(3):253-62.
27. Nisar J, Shah SM, Akram M, Ayaz S, Rashid A. Phytochemical screening, antioxidant, and inhibition activity of Picrorhiza kurroa against α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Dose-Response. 2022;20(2):15593258221095960.
28. Nisar J, Mustafa I, Anwar H, Sohail MU, Hussain G, Ullah MI, Faisal MN, Bukhari SA, Basit A. Shiitake culinary-medicinal mushroom, Lentinus edodes (Agaricomycetes): a species with antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and hepatoprotective activities in hypercholesterolemic rats. Int J Med Mushrooms. 2017;19(11).
29. Anwar H, Rahman ZU, Javed I, Muhammad F. Effect of protein, probiotic, and symbiotic supplementation on serum biological health markers of molted layers. Poult sci. 2012;91(10):2606-13.
30. Mustafa I, Anwar H, Irfan S, Muzaffar H, Ijaz MU. Attenuation of carbohydrate metabolism and lipid profile by methanolic extract of Euphorbia helioscopia and improvement of beta cell function in a type 2 diabetic rat model. BMC Complement. Med. Ther. 2022;22(1):1-2.
31. Engelmann B, Streich S, Schönthier UM, Richter WO, Duhm J. Changes of membrane phospholipid composition of human erythrocytes in hyperlipidemias. I. Increased phosphatidylcholine and reduced sphingomyelin in patients with elevated levels of triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, Lipids Lipid Metab. 1992;1165(1):32-7.
32. Ludwig PW, Hunninghake D, Hoidal J. Increased leucocyte oxidative metabolism in hyperlipoproteinaemia. The Lancet. 1982;320(8294):348-50.
33. Macallan DC, Noble C, Baldwin C, Foskett M, McManus T, Griffin GE. Prospective analysis of patterns of weight change in stage IV human immunodeficiency virus infection. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1993;58(3):417-24.
34. Prasad K, Mishra M. Mechanism of hypercholesterolemia-induced atherosclerosis. Rev Cardiovasc Med. 2022;23(6):212.
35. Watts GF, Catapano AL, Masana L, Zambon A, Pirillo A, Tokgözoğlu L. Hypercholesterolemia and cardiovascular disease: Focus on high cardiovascular risk patients. Atheroscler Suppl. 2020;42:e30-4.
36. González-Lleó AM, Sánchez-Hernández RM, Boronat M, Wägner AM. Diabetes and familial hypercholesterolemia: Interplay between lipid and glucose metabolism. Nutrients. 2022;14(7):1503.
37. De Geest B, Mishra M. Role of oxidative stress in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Antioxid. 2022;11(4):784.
38. Izzo C, Vitillo P, Di Pietro P, Visco V, Strianese A, Virtuoso N, Ciccarelli M, Galasso G, Carrizzo A, Vecchione C. The role of oxidative stress in cardiovascular aging and cardiovascular diseases. Life. 2021;11(1):60.
39. Khan AS, Arif K, Munir B, Kiran S, Jalal F, Qureshi N, Hassan SM, Soomro GA, Nazir A, Ghaffar A, Tahir MA. Estimating total phenolics in Taraxacum officinale (L.) extracts. Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2019;28(1):497.
40. Chon SU, Bae CH, Lee SC. Antioxidant and cytotoxic potentials of methanol extracts from Taraxacum officinale FH Wigg. at different plant parts. Korean J. Plant Res. 2012;25(2):232-9.
41. Hossain ML, Monjur-Al-Hossain AS, Sadhu SK. HPLC Profiling and evaluation of in-vitro antioxidant activity of Cirsium arvense L.(Family: Asteraceae). J. pharmacogn. Phytochem. 2016;5(1):272-7.
42. Shamsutdinova SR, Pupykina KA, Krasyuk EV, Startseva LV. Validation of the methodology of quantitative determination of flavonoids in the herbae of Cirsium arvense (L.). Problems of Biological Medical and Pharmaceutical Chemistry. 2021;24(6):36-41.
43. Ivanov IG. Polyphenols content and antioxidant activities of Taraxacum officinale FH Wigg (dandelion) leaves. Int. J. Pharmacogn. Phytochem. Res. 2014;6:889-93.
44. Jedrejek D, Lis B, Rolnik A, Stochmal A, Olas B. Comparative phytochemical, cytotoxicity, antioxidant and haemostatic studies of Taraxacum officinale root preparations. Food Chem Toxicol. 2019;126:233-47.
45. Sumanth M, Rana AC. In vivo antioxidant activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Taraxacum officinale roots in rats. Indian J. Pharmacol. 2006;38(1):54.
46. Choi UK, Lee OH, Yim JH, Cho CW, Rhee YK, Lim SI, Kim YC. Hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects of dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) root and leaf on cholesterol-fed rabbits. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2010;11(1):67-78.
47. You Y, Yoo S, Yoon HG, Park J, Lee YH, Kim S, Oh KT, Lee J, Cho HY, Jun W. In vitro and in vivo hepatoprotective effects of the aqueous extract from Taraxacum officinale (dandelion) root against alcohol-induced oxidative stress. Food Chem Toxicol. 2010;48(6):1632-7.
48. Al-Malki AL, Abo-Golayel MK, Abo-Elnaga G, Al-Beshri H. Hepatoprotective effect of dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) against induced chronic liver cirrhosis. Med Plants Res. 2013;7:1494-505.
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Dec 12, 2023
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Zonaira Nisar, Syed Muhammad Ali Shah, Sultan Ayaz, Abid Rashid, & Imtiaz Mustafa. (2023). TARAXACUM OFFICINALE AND CIRSIUM ARVENSE METHANOLIC EXTRACTS AMELIORATE OXIDATIVE STRESS AND LIPID PROFILE IN HIGH FAT DIET-INDUCED HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC RATS. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 30(19), 472-482. https://doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v30i19.3630
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Author Biographies
Zonaira Nisar
Department of Eastern medicine, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
Syed Muhammad Ali Shah
Department of Eastern medicine, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
Sultan Ayaz
Department of Eastern medicine, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
Abid Rashid
Faculty of Medical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
Imtiaz Mustafa
Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Pakistan
How to Cite
Zonaira Nisar, Syed Muhammad Ali Shah, Sultan Ayaz, Abid Rashid, & Imtiaz Mustafa. (2023). TARAXACUM OFFICINALE AND CIRSIUM ARVENSE METHANOLIC EXTRACTS AMELIORATE OXIDATIVE STRESS AND LIPID PROFILE IN HIGH FAT DIET-INDUCED HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC RATS. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 30(19), 472-482. https://doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v30i19.3630