TUBERCULOSIS AND TOBACCO: ANALYZING THE CONSEQUENCES OF SMOKING ON TREATMENT OUTCOMES
Main Article Content
Keywords
Tuberculosis, Tobacco, Smoking, Treatment outcome
Abstract
Introduction: Tobacco use, in the form of smoking, has been a pervasive and long-standing global public health issue in its own right. What is less understood, though equally important, is the intricate interplay between tobacco use and TB. Understanding the consequences of smoking on TB treatment outcomes is imperative, as it has far-reaching implications for both individual patients and the broader efforts to control and eliminate TB worldwide.
Aims & Objectives: To determine the socio-demographic profile of newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients at a tertiary-level hospital and to determine the impact of smoking on treatment outcomes of newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients at the end of six months of standardized tuberculosis treatment.
Material & Methods: A prospective cohort study was carried out among newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients of tertiary care hospital of Jaipur National University Institute for Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Jaipur, Rajasthan. Data was collected through a structured interview schedule after taking institutional ethical committee approval, Data was analyzed using Epi Info software and treatment outcomes were defined as per recent RNTCP guidelines.
Results: A total of 64 patients were included in the study. While majority of the study participants (96.8%) showed favorable outcome at the end of treatment, only (3.2%) showed un-favorable outcome, one patient was having treatment failure and one patient was lost to follow up, no deaths were reported during the course of treatment.
Conclusions: In light of these findings, it is crucial to recognize that addressing tobacco use is not only an essential component of TB control but also an imperative in improving global public health.
References
2. Fact sheet on tobacco March 2018 update: World Health Organization; 2017. Available from: http://www.who.int/ news-room/fact-sheets/detail/tobacco.
3. India TB Report 2018. Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme, Annual status Report, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, India.
4. Global Adult Tobacco Survey-2, Fact Sheet India, 2016-17. Available from
https://www.mohfw.gov.in/sites/default/ files/GATS-2%20FactSheet. pdf.
5. The end TB strategy. World health organization geneva. 2015. Available from
http://www.who.int/tb/End_TB_ brochure.pdf.
6. Mukhya Mantri Kshay Rog Yojna, Rajasthan. Available from
http://rajasthanpr.gov.in/PressReleaseByYear.aspx?Language=1&ID=13291&Type=2
7. D’Arc Lyra Batista J, de Alencar Ximenes R, Rodrigues L. Smoking increases the risk of relapse after successful tuberculosis treatment. Int J Epidemiol 2008; 37: 841–851.
8. Leung CC, Li T, Lam TH, Yew WW, Law WS, Tam CM, Chan WM, Chan CK, Ho KS, Chang KC. Smoking and tuberculosis among the elderly in Hong Kong. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2004 Nov 1;170(9):1027-33.
9. Tachfouti N, Nejjari C, Benjelloun MC, Berraho M, Elfakir S, El Rhazi K, Slama K. Association between smoking status, other factors and tuberculosis treatment failure in Morocco. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2011 Jun;15(6):838-43.
10. Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) Collaborative Group. Tobacco questions for surveys: a subset of key questions from the global adult tobacco survey. 2nd ed. Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2011.
11. Reddy DS, Rao R, B. P. Ravi Kumar. Factors Influencing Treatment Outcome of New Sputum Smear Positive Tuberculosis Patients in Tuberculosis Unit Khammam. Int J Med Health Sci. 2013; 2(2): 195-204.
12. Chandrasekaran V, Gopi PG, Subramani R,Thomas A, Jaggarajamma K, Narayanan PR.Default during the intensive phase oftreatment under dots programme. Indian JTuberc. 2005;52(4):197-202.
13. Kilicaslan Z, Ozturk F, Sarimurat N, Cuhadaroglu C, Caglar E, Erem A. Microscopic examination and treatment outcomes of new pulmonary tuberculosis cases in Istanbul dispensaries between 1998 and 2000. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2003; 7(11): 1059-1063.
14. Kumar Mahesh, Singh JV, Srivastava AK, Verma SK. Factors effecting the noncompliance of in directly observed short course chemotherapy in lucknow district. Indian J Community Med. 2002;27(3):114-7
15. Jakubowiak WM, Bogorodskaya EM, Borisov SE, Danilova ID, Kourbatova EV. Risk factors associated with default among new pulmonary TB patients and social support in six Russian regions. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2007 Jan;11(1):46-53.
16. Gupta PC, Pednekar MS, Parkin DM, Sankaranarayanan R. Tobacco associated mortality in Mumbai (Bombay) India. Results of the Bombay Cohort Study. Int J Epidemiol. 2005 Dec;34(6):1395-402. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyi196. Epub 2005 Oct 25.
17. Gegia M, Magee MJ, Kempker RR, Kalandadze I, et al. Tobacco smoking and tuberculosis treatment outcomes: a prospective cohort study in Georgia. Bull World Health Organ. 2015; 93(6):390–99
Article Sidebar
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
All articles published in JPTCP are licensed under Copyright Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Awadhesh Kumar
Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, ASMC, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh
Bhumika Bhatt
Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, ASMC, Firozabad, Uttar Pradesh
Shubhangee Arya
Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, ASMC, Firozabad, Uttar Pradesh
Amit Kumar
Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacology, GMC Badaun, Uttar Pradesh
Nitin Tiwari
Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, ASMC, Firozabad, Uttar Pradesh
Devendra Kumar
Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, ASMC, Firozabad, Uttar Pradesh
Chandramani Yadav
Statistician cum Tutor, Department of Community Medicine, ASMC, Firozabad, Uttar Pradesh