Effect of Melatonin on Periodontal Parameters and Glycemic Control in Periodontitis Patients
Main Article Content
Keywords
Periodontal, Patients, Parameters
Abstract
Introduction: melatonin is a multifunctional chemical with various biological actions, like antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, osteopromotive, bone loss inhibition, oncostatic, and neuroprotective effects. This hormone stimulates the manufacture of type I collagen, which improves osteoblast differentiation and bone growth. The current study aims to determine how melatonin, used in conjunction with nonsurgical periodontal therapy, affects the clinical parameters and HbA1c levels in subjects with stage II-III periodontitis.
Methods: Total 120 subjects known diabetic were allocated into two groups. Control group was given conventional phase 1 treatment alone and the test group along with conventional treatment, 2mg of melatonin was given for 8 weeks. HbA1c and periodontal clinical parameters were taken at baseline and 8 weeks after the treatment.
Results: Paired t test was used to compare before and after within the groups and to assess the statistical difference between groups at various time durations, an independent t test was performed. After treatment was complete, adjunct melatonin administration considerably reduced the mean values of PD and CAL in the test group (p<0.001)
Conclusion: Melatonin as adjunct to non surgical periodontal therapy shows positive results in terms of clinical parameters along with the reduction in HbA1c values.
References
1. Newman MG, Takei H, Klokkevold PR, Carranza FA. Newman and Carranza’s Clinical Periodontology EBook. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2018. 944 p.
2. Socransky SS, Haffajee AD. Periodontal microbial ecology [Internet]. Vol. 38, Periodontology 2000. 2005. p. 135–87. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0757.2005.00107.x
3. Jepsen S, Blanco J, Buchalla W, Carvalho JC, Dietrich T, Dörfer C, et al. Prevention and control of dental caries and periodontal diseases at individual and population level: consensus report of group 3 of joint EFP/ORCA workshop on the boundaries between caries and periodontal diseases [Internet]. Vol. 44, Journal of Clinical Periodontology. 2017. p. S85–93. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12687
4. Saeedi P, Petersohn I, Salpea P, Malanda B, Karuranga S, Unwin N, et al. Global and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019
and projections for 2030 and 2045: Results from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 9 edition. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2019 Nov;157:107843.
5. Löe H. Periodontal Disease: The sixth complication of diabetes mellitus [Internet]. Vol. 16, Diabetes Care. 1993. p. 329–34. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diacare.16.1.329
6. Mealey BL, Rethman MP. Periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus. Bidirectional relationship. Dent Today. 2003 Apr;22(4):107–13.
7. Preshaw PM, Alba AL, Herrera D, Jepsen S, Konstantinidis A, Makrilakis K, et al. Periodontitis and diabetes: a two-way relationship. Diabetologia. 2012 Jan;55(1):21–31.
8. Rubika J. Role of Diazepam in Dentistry-A Short Review [Internet]. Vol. 8, Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2015. p. 1014. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-360x.2015.00172.9
9. Mootha A, Malaiappan S, Milstein DMJ, Karthikeyan G, Varghese SS, Jayakumar ND. Comparison of interleukin-21 levels and its correlation with clinical parameters among healthy individuals, chronic periodontitis, and aggressive periodontitis patients. Transl Res. 2021 Feb 25;7(1):84–92.
10. Allen EM, Matthews JB, O’ Halloran DJ, Griffiths HR, Chapple IL. Oxidative and inflammatory status in Type 2 diabetes patients with periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol. 2011 Oct;38(10):894–901.
11. Yuce HB, Karatas O, Turkal HA, Gorgun EP, Ocakli S, Benli I, et al. The Effect of Melatonin on Bone Loss, Diabetic Control, and Apoptosis in Rats With Diabetes With Ligature-Induced Periodontitis [Internet]. Vol. 87, Journal of Periodontology. 2016. p. e35–43. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/jop.2015.150315
12. Cutando A, Montero J, Gomez-de Diego R, Ferrera MJ, Lopez-Valverde A. Effect of topical application of melatonin on serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes and periodontal disease [Internet]. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry. 2015. p. 0–0. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.4317/jced.52604
13. Bazyar H, Gholinezhad H, Moradi L, Salehi P, Abadi F, Ravanbakhsh M, et al. The effects of melatonin supplementation in adjunct with non-surgical periodontal therapy on periodontalstatus, serum melatonin and inflammatory markers in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with chronic periodontitis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial [Internet]. Vol. 27, Inflammopharmacology. 2019. p. 67–76. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10787-018-0539-0
14. Rubika J, Felicita AS, Sivambiga V. Gonial angle as an indicator for the Prediction of Growth Pattern. World J Dent. 2015 Sep;6(3):161–3.
15. Viswanath A, Ramamurthy J, Dinesh SPS, Srinivas A. Obstructive sleep apnea: awakening the hidden truth. Niger J Clin Pract. 2015 Jan;18(1):1–7.
16. Nandhini JST, Babu KY, Mohanraj KG. Size, shape, prominence and localization of gerdy’s tubercle in dry human tibial bones’. J Adv Pharm Technol Res. 2018;11(8):3604.
17. Pratha AA, Thenmozhi MS. A study of occurrence and morphometric analysis on meningo orbital foramen. J Pharm Res [Internet]. 2016; Available from: https://www.indianjournals.com/ijor.aspx?target=ijor:rjpt&volume=9&issue=7&article=024
18. Kannan R, Thenmozhi MS. Morphometric Study of Styloid Process and its Clinical Importance on Eagle’s Syndrome. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2016;9(8):1137.
19. Samuel AR, Thenmozhi MS. Study of impaired vision due to Amblyopia. J Pharm Res [Internet]. 2015; Available from: https://www.indianjournals.com/ijor.aspx?target=ijor:rjpt&volume=8&issue=7&article=019
20. Priyanka S, Kaarthikeyan G, Nadathur JD, Mohanraj A, Kavarthapu A. Detection of cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and Torque Teno virus in subgingival and atheromatous plaques of cardiac patients with chronic periodontitis. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2017 Nov;21(6):456–60.
21. Danda AK, Muthusekhar MR, Narayanan V, Baig MF, Siddareddi A. Open versus closed treatment of unilateral subcondylar and condylar neck fractures: a prospective, randomized clinical study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2010 Jun;68(6):1238–41.
22. Babu S, Jayaraman S. An update on β-sitosterol: A potential herbal nutraceutical for diabetic management. Biomed Pharmacother. 2020 Nov;131:110702.
23. Gopalakannan S, Senthilvelan T, Ranganathan S. Modeling and Optimization of EDM Process Parameters on Machining of Al 7075-B4C
MMC Using RSM. Procedia Engineering. 2012 Jan 1;38:685–90.
24. Cutando A, López-Valverde A, de Diego RG, de Vicente J, Reiter R, Fernández MH, et al. Effect of topical application of melatonin to the gingiva on salivary osteoprotegerin, RANKL and melatonin levels in patients with diabetes and periodontal disease [Internet]. Odontology. 2013. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10266-013-0122-5
25. Williams RC. Understanding and Managing Periodontal Diseases: A Notable Past, a Promising Future [Internet]. Vol. 79, Journal of Periodontology. 2008. p. 1552–9. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/jop.2008.080182
26. Gulle K, Akpolat M, Kurcer Z, Cengiz MI, Baba F, Acikgoz S. Multi-organ injuries caused by lipopolysaccharide-induced periodontal inflammation in rats: role of melatonin. J Periodontal Res. 2014 Dec;49(6):736–41.
27. Cutando A, Galindo P, Gómez-Moreno G, Arana C, Bolaños J, Acuña-Castroviejo D, et al. Relationship between salivary melatonin and severity of periodontal disease. J Periodontol. 2006 Sep;77(9):1533–8.
28. Demmer RT, Desvarieux M, Holtfreter B, Jacobs DR, Wallaschofski H, Nauck M, et al. Periodontal Status and A1C Change [Internet]. Vol. 33, Diabetes Care. 2010. p. 1037–43. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc09-1778
29. Vergnes JN, Arrivé E, Gourdy P, Hanaire H, Rigalleau V, Gin H, et al. Periodontal treatment to improve glycaemic control in diabetic patients: study protocol of the randomized, controlled DIAPERIO trial. Trials. 2009 Aug 2;10:65.
30. Srinath R, Acharya AB, Thakur SL. Salivary and Gingival Crevicular Fluid Melatonin in Periodontal Health and Disease [Internet]. Vol. 81, Journal of Periodontology. 2010. p. 277–83. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/jop.2009.090327
31. Madianos PN, Koromantzos PA. An update of the evidence on the potential impact of periodontal therapy on diabetes outcomes [Internet]. Vol. 45, Journal of Clinical Periodontology. 2018. p. 188–95. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12836
2. Socransky SS, Haffajee AD. Periodontal microbial ecology [Internet]. Vol. 38, Periodontology 2000. 2005. p. 135–87. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0757.2005.00107.x
3. Jepsen S, Blanco J, Buchalla W, Carvalho JC, Dietrich T, Dörfer C, et al. Prevention and control of dental caries and periodontal diseases at individual and population level: consensus report of group 3 of joint EFP/ORCA workshop on the boundaries between caries and periodontal diseases [Internet]. Vol. 44, Journal of Clinical Periodontology. 2017. p. S85–93. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12687
4. Saeedi P, Petersohn I, Salpea P, Malanda B, Karuranga S, Unwin N, et al. Global and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019
and projections for 2030 and 2045: Results from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 9 edition. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2019 Nov;157:107843.
5. Löe H. Periodontal Disease: The sixth complication of diabetes mellitus [Internet]. Vol. 16, Diabetes Care. 1993. p. 329–34. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diacare.16.1.329
6. Mealey BL, Rethman MP. Periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus. Bidirectional relationship. Dent Today. 2003 Apr;22(4):107–13.
7. Preshaw PM, Alba AL, Herrera D, Jepsen S, Konstantinidis A, Makrilakis K, et al. Periodontitis and diabetes: a two-way relationship. Diabetologia. 2012 Jan;55(1):21–31.
8. Rubika J. Role of Diazepam in Dentistry-A Short Review [Internet]. Vol. 8, Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2015. p. 1014. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-360x.2015.00172.9
9. Mootha A, Malaiappan S, Milstein DMJ, Karthikeyan G, Varghese SS, Jayakumar ND. Comparison of interleukin-21 levels and its correlation with clinical parameters among healthy individuals, chronic periodontitis, and aggressive periodontitis patients. Transl Res. 2021 Feb 25;7(1):84–92.
10. Allen EM, Matthews JB, O’ Halloran DJ, Griffiths HR, Chapple IL. Oxidative and inflammatory status in Type 2 diabetes patients with periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol. 2011 Oct;38(10):894–901.
11. Yuce HB, Karatas O, Turkal HA, Gorgun EP, Ocakli S, Benli I, et al. The Effect of Melatonin on Bone Loss, Diabetic Control, and Apoptosis in Rats With Diabetes With Ligature-Induced Periodontitis [Internet]. Vol. 87, Journal of Periodontology. 2016. p. e35–43. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/jop.2015.150315
12. Cutando A, Montero J, Gomez-de Diego R, Ferrera MJ, Lopez-Valverde A. Effect of topical application of melatonin on serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes and periodontal disease [Internet]. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry. 2015. p. 0–0. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.4317/jced.52604
13. Bazyar H, Gholinezhad H, Moradi L, Salehi P, Abadi F, Ravanbakhsh M, et al. The effects of melatonin supplementation in adjunct with non-surgical periodontal therapy on periodontalstatus, serum melatonin and inflammatory markers in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with chronic periodontitis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial [Internet]. Vol. 27, Inflammopharmacology. 2019. p. 67–76. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10787-018-0539-0
14. Rubika J, Felicita AS, Sivambiga V. Gonial angle as an indicator for the Prediction of Growth Pattern. World J Dent. 2015 Sep;6(3):161–3.
15. Viswanath A, Ramamurthy J, Dinesh SPS, Srinivas A. Obstructive sleep apnea: awakening the hidden truth. Niger J Clin Pract. 2015 Jan;18(1):1–7.
16. Nandhini JST, Babu KY, Mohanraj KG. Size, shape, prominence and localization of gerdy’s tubercle in dry human tibial bones’. J Adv Pharm Technol Res. 2018;11(8):3604.
17. Pratha AA, Thenmozhi MS. A study of occurrence and morphometric analysis on meningo orbital foramen. J Pharm Res [Internet]. 2016; Available from: https://www.indianjournals.com/ijor.aspx?target=ijor:rjpt&volume=9&issue=7&article=024
18. Kannan R, Thenmozhi MS. Morphometric Study of Styloid Process and its Clinical Importance on Eagle’s Syndrome. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2016;9(8):1137.
19. Samuel AR, Thenmozhi MS. Study of impaired vision due to Amblyopia. J Pharm Res [Internet]. 2015; Available from: https://www.indianjournals.com/ijor.aspx?target=ijor:rjpt&volume=8&issue=7&article=019
20. Priyanka S, Kaarthikeyan G, Nadathur JD, Mohanraj A, Kavarthapu A. Detection of cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and Torque Teno virus in subgingival and atheromatous plaques of cardiac patients with chronic periodontitis. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2017 Nov;21(6):456–60.
21. Danda AK, Muthusekhar MR, Narayanan V, Baig MF, Siddareddi A. Open versus closed treatment of unilateral subcondylar and condylar neck fractures: a prospective, randomized clinical study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2010 Jun;68(6):1238–41.
22. Babu S, Jayaraman S. An update on β-sitosterol: A potential herbal nutraceutical for diabetic management. Biomed Pharmacother. 2020 Nov;131:110702.
23. Gopalakannan S, Senthilvelan T, Ranganathan S. Modeling and Optimization of EDM Process Parameters on Machining of Al 7075-B4C
MMC Using RSM. Procedia Engineering. 2012 Jan 1;38:685–90.
24. Cutando A, López-Valverde A, de Diego RG, de Vicente J, Reiter R, Fernández MH, et al. Effect of topical application of melatonin to the gingiva on salivary osteoprotegerin, RANKL and melatonin levels in patients with diabetes and periodontal disease [Internet]. Odontology. 2013. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10266-013-0122-5
25. Williams RC. Understanding and Managing Periodontal Diseases: A Notable Past, a Promising Future [Internet]. Vol. 79, Journal of Periodontology. 2008. p. 1552–9. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/jop.2008.080182
26. Gulle K, Akpolat M, Kurcer Z, Cengiz MI, Baba F, Acikgoz S. Multi-organ injuries caused by lipopolysaccharide-induced periodontal inflammation in rats: role of melatonin. J Periodontal Res. 2014 Dec;49(6):736–41.
27. Cutando A, Galindo P, Gómez-Moreno G, Arana C, Bolaños J, Acuña-Castroviejo D, et al. Relationship between salivary melatonin and severity of periodontal disease. J Periodontol. 2006 Sep;77(9):1533–8.
28. Demmer RT, Desvarieux M, Holtfreter B, Jacobs DR, Wallaschofski H, Nauck M, et al. Periodontal Status and A1C Change [Internet]. Vol. 33, Diabetes Care. 2010. p. 1037–43. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc09-1778
29. Vergnes JN, Arrivé E, Gourdy P, Hanaire H, Rigalleau V, Gin H, et al. Periodontal treatment to improve glycaemic control in diabetic patients: study protocol of the randomized, controlled DIAPERIO trial. Trials. 2009 Aug 2;10:65.
30. Srinath R, Acharya AB, Thakur SL. Salivary and Gingival Crevicular Fluid Melatonin in Periodontal Health and Disease [Internet]. Vol. 81, Journal of Periodontology. 2010. p. 277–83. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/jop.2009.090327
31. Madianos PN, Koromantzos PA. An update of the evidence on the potential impact of periodontal therapy on diabetes outcomes [Internet]. Vol. 45, Journal of Clinical Periodontology. 2018. p. 188–95. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12836
Article Sidebar
Published
May 18, 2023
Article Details
How to Cite
Paladugu Devi Navya, Sankari Malaiappan, & Bhavana Garapati. (2023). Effect of Melatonin on Periodontal Parameters and Glycemic Control in Periodontitis Patients. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 30(10), 515-520. https://doi.org/10.47750/jptcp.2023.30.10.055
Section
Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
All articles published in JPTCP are licensed under Copyright Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
Paladugu Devi Navya, Sankari Malaiappan, & Bhavana Garapati. (2023). Effect of Melatonin on Periodontal Parameters and Glycemic Control in Periodontitis Patients. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 30(10), 515-520. https://doi.org/10.47750/jptcp.2023.30.10.055