THE IMPACT OF ANTIBIOTICS ON INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA AND COGNITIVE BEHAVIOUR IN RATS
Main Article Content
Keywords
gastrointestinal microbiota,, cognition, antibiotic therapy
Abstract
Introduction: The research investigates the alterations and restoration of the gastrointestinal microbiota in sprague dawley rats after broad-spectrum antibiotic administration and its impact on cognitive behaviours.
Methods: Rats were randomly assigned to the antibiotic (AT) group and the control group. AT group received an antibiotic regimen of ampicillin, vancomycin, metronidazole, and imipenem for three days, while the control group was given an equivalent volume of normal saline by gavage. Faecal samples were obtained on the fourth day (24 hours after last antibiotic treatment) and at two months for 16S rRNA gene sequencing to assess alterations in gut microbiota. At the two-month mark, cognitive behaviours were evaluated using the operant-based delayed matching to position (DMTP) task and the Y maze.
Results: On day 4, the gut microbiota in the AT group exhibited a decline, characterised by a reduction in microbiota diversity (P<0.0001), a decrease in Bacteroidetes (P<0.0001) and Firmicutes (P=0.0001), alongside an increase in Proteobacteria (P<0.0001).Following the cessation of prescription antibiotics, the microbiota started to regenerate, showing no significant differences compared to the control group after two months.There was no notable distinction in cognitive behaviours observed between the AT group and the control group.
Conclusion: Broad-spectrum antibiotics have the potential to reduce gut microbiota in rats. This reduction is not permanent.The microbiota normalises two months following the cessation of antibiotic treatment.Furthermore, it does not influence the cognitive behaviours of rats.
Methods: Rats were randomly assigned to the antibiotic (AT) group and the control group. AT group received an antibiotic regimen of ampicillin, vancomycin, metronidazole, and imipenem for three days, while the control group was given an equivalent volume of normal saline by gavage. Faecal samples were obtained on the fourth day (24 hours after last antibiotic treatment) and at two months for 16S rRNA gene sequencing to assess alterations in gut microbiota. At the two-month mark, cognitive behaviours were evaluated using the operant-based delayed matching to position (DMTP) task and the Y maze.
Results: On day 4, the gut microbiota in the AT group exhibited a decline, characterised by a reduction in microbiota diversity (P<0.0001), a decrease in Bacteroidetes (P<0.0001) and Firmicutes (P=0.0001), alongside an increase in Proteobacteria (P<0.0001).Following the cessation of prescription antibiotics, the microbiota started to regenerate, showing no significant differences compared to the control group after two months.There was no notable distinction in cognitive behaviours observed between the AT group and the control group.
Conclusion: Broad-spectrum antibiotics have the potential to reduce gut microbiota in rats. This reduction is not permanent.The microbiota normalises two months following the cessation of antibiotic treatment.Furthermore, it does not influence the cognitive behaviours of rats.
References
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2. Fröhlich EE, Farzi A, Mayerhofer R, et al. Cognitive impairment by antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis: analysis of gut microbiota-brain communication[J]. Brain Behav Immun, 2016, 56:140-55.
3. Sarkar SR, Mazumder PM, Chatterjee K, et al. Saccharomyces boulardii ameliorates gut dysbiosis associated cognitive decline [J]. Physiol Behav, 2021, 236:113411.
4. Li Li, Zhang Xin, Zou Lin. Based on genomic and metabolomic analyses, the correlation between changes in gut microbiota and its metabolites and the occurrence of heart failure is discussed. Journal of Anhui Medical University, 2022, 57(3): 407-12.
5. Zhang B, Wang X, Xia R, et al. Gut microbiota in coronary artery disease: a friend or foe? ［ J ］. Biosci Rep, 2020, 40(5): BSR20200454.
6. Korpela K, Salonen A, Vepsäläinen O, et al. Probiotic supplementation restores normal microbiota composition and function in antibiotic-treated and in Caesarean-born infants. Microbiome, 2018, 6(1): 182.
7. Jandhyala S M, Talukdar R, Subramanyam C, et al. Role of the normal gut microbiota[J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2015, 21(29): 8787-803.
8. Li X, He C, Li N, et al. The interplay between the gut microbiota and NLRP3 activation affects the severity of acute pancreatitis in Acta Universitatis Medicinalis Anhui 2022 Sep; 57(9): 1451 mice[J]. Gut Microbes, 2020, 11(6): 1774-89.
9. De La Fuente-Nunez C, Meneguetti B T, Franco O L, et al. Neuro-microbiology: how microbes influence the brain[J]. ACS Chem Neurosci, 2018, 9(2): 141-150.
10. Powell N, Walker MM, Talley NJ. The mucosal immune system: master regulator of bidirectional gut-brain communications[J]. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2017, 14(3): 143-159.
11. Lee K E, Kim J K, Kim D H. Orally administered antibiotics vancomycin and ampicillin cause cognitive impairment with gut dysbiosis in mice with transient global forebrain ischemia. Front Microbiol, 2020, 11:564271.
12. Ferguson JF, Aden LA, Barbaro NR, et al. High dietary salt-induced dendritic cell activation underlies microbial dysbiosis-associated hypertension[J]. JCI Insight, 2019, 5(13): e126241.
13. Dinan T G, Cryan J F, Stanton C. Gut microbes and brain development have black box connectivity [J]. Biol Psychiatry, 2018, 83(2): 97-9.
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Published
Sep 23, 2024
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How to Cite
Noorulain Hyder, Ghulam Abbas, Farzana Sadaf, & Ale Zehra. (2024). THE IMPACT OF ANTIBIOTICS ON INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA AND COGNITIVE BEHAVIOUR IN RATS. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(9), 2834-2841. https://doi.org/10.53555/jc6w5w64
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Author Biographies
Noorulain Hyder
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan University of Karachi, HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
Ghulam Abbas
Ziauddin University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Karachi, Pakistan
Farzana Sadaf
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan
Ale Zehra
Department of Pharmacy Practice, Dow College of Pharmacy, Dow University of Health Sciences
How to Cite
Noorulain Hyder, Ghulam Abbas, Farzana Sadaf, & Ale Zehra. (2024). THE IMPACT OF ANTIBIOTICS ON INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA AND COGNITIVE BEHAVIOUR IN RATS. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(9), 2834-2841. https://doi.org/10.53555/jc6w5w64