DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY IN QUETTA CITY: A CROSS-SECTIONAL HOSPITAL BASED STUDY

Abstract

Diabetic renal damage is a severe complication of Diabetes mellitus. It occurs in around 20-40% of the patients with diabetes. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and related risk factors of renal damage among the diabetic patients in Quetta city. It was a hospital based cross-sectional study conducted in different government and private hospitals of Quetta city. Blood and urine analysis were executed in Balochistan Institute of Nephro-Urology Center Quetta(BINUQ) with hospital’s prior approval. 100 patients from both genders were selected that were above 15 years of age. Values of fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum Creatinine, Albuminuria, Basal Metabolic Index (BMI), and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were obtained along with complete sociodemographic profile. FBG values were determined through GOD-POD method using micro lab 300 auto analyzer.  Serum creatinine was estimated through Jaffe’s colorimetric method by using ADVIA 1800 Chemistry System, Siemens, Germany. GFR calculations were interpreted using Cockcroft-Gault equation. Urine samples were analyzed by suing Multistix Reagent strips for the determination of albuminuria. The data was examined by using Statistical package for social science (SPSS) software (IBM SPSS Statistics 22). A noticeable percentage of diabetic renal damage was detected among the diabetic patients in Quetta city. 63% patients were found to have different stages of renal damage. Results of FBG 172 ± 24 mg/dL exposed poor glycemic control among the patients. Blood samples revealed a significant amount of creatinine 2.4 ± 2.4 mg/dl. Mean GFR values were  53 ± 30 mL/min/1.73 . Albuminuria results indicated that 33% patients had microalbuminuria and 26% had Macroalbuminuria. This study indicated an inverse significant correlation between eGFR and duration of diabetes mellitus (r = -370^**). Fasting blood glucose, smoking, and physical inactivity displayed a reverse correlation with eGFR (-.010) (-.117) (-.218^*) respectively. There was not a significant relationship between eGFR and BMI. Both males and females exhibited diabetic renal damage. These findings pointed out a crucial requirement to develop strategies for the prevention and proper management of Diabetes Mellitus to minimize the increasing burden and prevalence of diabetic renal damage.