ADVANTAGES OF USING LIPOSOME-ENCAPSULATED ANTIBIOTICS TO FIGHT INFECTIONS CAUSED BY ENTEROBACTERIA
Main Article Content
Keywords
Bacterial resistance, Gram-negative bacteria, Nanotechnology, Antimicrobials
Abstract
ABSTRACT:
Introduction: Treating illnesses caused by enterobacteria is increasingly challenging due to the ineffectiveness of antibiotics in combating pathogens or promoting reticuloendothelial system cell phagocytosis, especially for bacteria that colonize and grow inside phagocytic cells. Certain antibiotics are unable to penetrate cells or are limited by the plasma membrane. Consequently, there is a scientific effort to develop new therapeutic strategies to overcome these challenges. Lipid nanocarriers, such as liposomes, can encapsulate antibiotics to enhance their delivery, targeting, and efficacy. Liposomes aim to improve the specificity of release, concentration of compounds at the target site, maintenance of drug plasma concentration, and preservation of active components. This review aims to outline the key characteristics of liposomes and emphasize the benefits of using these lipid vesicles to deliver antibiotics against illnesses caused by enterobacteria.
Methodology: A literature review was conducted by searching national and international electronic databases for articles published between 2012 and 2023. Articles were selected based on the following descriptors: bacterial resistance, nanotechnology, gram-negative bacteria, and antibiotics.
Findings: Antibacterial activity has been demonstrated for cationic and stealth liposomes, primarily composed of cholesterol, PEG, phosphatidylcholine, and carboxymethyl chitosan encapsulating drugs such as amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, cloxacillin, vancomycin, azithromycin, amoxicillin, cefepime, gentamicin, and cefotaxime. Liposomes containing polymyxin B, azithromycin, chloramphenicol, and gentamicin have shown improved antibiofilm efficacy against enterobacteria compared to non-encapsulated pharmaceuticals.
Conclusion: The findings highlight the significant therapeutic potential of liposomes in the management of enterobacteria-related illnesses.
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Dr. Rebecca Caruana
Department of Medicine, Mater Dei Hospital, Imsida, Malta
Hira Aslam
Pharmacy Student, Department of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Pakistan
Nosheen Akhtar
Univeristy Nursing College, University of Sargodha, Pakistan,
Waqas Ahmad
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore (54000), Lahore, Pakistan
Tariq Rafique
5Assistant Professor, Dadabhoy Institute of Higher Education, Karachi, Pakistan,
Sri Pranita Cherukuri
MBBS; MPH, Columbia University, New York, United States
Dr Iqbal Nisa
Assistant professor, Department of Microbiology, Women University Swabi
Muhammad Saad Arshad
Medical Graduate, Department of Medicine, Islamic International Medical College,