THE ROLE OF EMOTIONAL REGULATION SKILLS TRAINING IN ENHANCING GLOBAL ASSESSMENT OF FUNCTIONING IN INDIVIDUAL SUFFERING WITH CONVERSION DISORDER
Main Article Content
Keywords
Emotional regulation, conversion disorder, global assessment functioning.
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Emotional Regulation skills training, specifically Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), in treating Conversion Disorder (CD). A true experimental design incorporating both between- and within-subject elements was employed. Twenty-four individuals diagnosed with CD were divided into two groups: the DBT group (n=12), which received emotion regulation skills training, and the Treatment as Usual (TAU) group (n=12), which received only pharmacological treatment. Emotional regulation was assessed using the Difficulty in Emotional Regulation Scale (DERS; Gratz & Roemer, 2004), and the severity of conversion symptoms was measured using the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF; Luborsky, 1987). Results showed significant improvement in the conversion symptoms of the experimental group, who also demonstrated better emotional control and effectively managed risky emotions. These findings suggest that incorporating DBT skills training into the treatment plan for Conversion Disorder can be highly effective.
References
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30. Linehan, M.M. (1999). Dialectical behavior therapy versus comprehensive validation therapy plus 12-step for the treatment of opioid dependent women Meeting criteria for borderline personality disorder. Journal name is missing, 8(4), 279–292.
31. Linehan, M.M., Heard, H.L., & Armstrong, H. E. (1994). Naturalistic follow-up of a Behavioral treatment for chronically Para suicidal borderline patients. Archives of General Psychiatry, 50(12), 971-974.
32. Luborsky, L. (1987). Factors influencing clinicians' judgments of mental health. Archives of General Psychiatry, 31, 292–299.
33. Menefee, D. S., Ledoux, T., & Johnston, C. A. (2022). The Importance of Emotional Regulation in Mental Health. American journal of lifestyle medicine, 16(1), 28–31. https://doi.org/10.1177/15598276211049771.
34. Neacsiu, A. D., Rizvi, S. L., & Linehan, M. M. (2010). Dialectical Behavior Therapy skills use As a mediator and outcome of treatment for borderline personality disorder. Behavior Research and Therapy, 48(9), 832-839.
35. Polivy, J., & Herman, C. (1993). Etiology of binge eating: Psychological mechanisms. In: Fairburn CG, Wilson GT, editors. Binge eating: Nature, assessment, and treatment. Guilford Press; New York: pp. 173–205.
36. Seiver, L. J. (1997). The biology of borderline personality disorder. The journal for the California alliance for the mentally ill. Retrieved fromhttp://www.borderlinepersonalitytoday.com/main/ clinicians/siever.htm
37. Stone, J., Lafrance, W. C., Brown., J. R., Spiegel, D., Levenson, J. L., & Sharpe, M. (2011). Conversion disorder: Current problems and potential solutions for DSM-5. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 71, 369-376.
38. Teicher, M. H. (1994). Early abuse limbic system dysfunction and borderline personality Disorder. In K. R. Silk (Eds.). Biological and neurobehavioral studies of borderline Personality disorder (pp. 112-136).Washington D.C: American Psychiatric Press.
39. Telch, C. F, Agras, W. S., & Linehan, M. M. (2000). Group dialectical behavior therapy for Binge eating disorder: A preliminary uncontrolled trial Behavior Therapy, 31, 569-582.
40. Telch, C. F. (2001) Emotion regulation skills training treatment for binge eating disorder: Therapist manual. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 69, 1061–1065.
41. Veale, D., Gournay, K., Dryden, W,. Boocock, A., Shah, F., Willson, R., & Walburn, J. (1996). Body dysmorphic disorder: A cognitive behavioral model and Pilotrandomized controlled trial. Behavior Research and Therapy, 34, 717–729.
42. Wallace, L. M., Debra., & Safer D. L. (2014).Change in Emotion Regulation Guided self-Help Dialectical behavior therapy for Binge eating disorder. Journal of Eating Disorder, 9, 51-59
43. Woolfolk, R. L. & Allen, L. A. (2007). Treating Somatization: A Cognitive-Behavioral Approach. New York: Guilford Press.
2. An overview of dialectical behavior therapy.(n.d.).Retrieved from http://psychcentral.com/lib/an-overview-of-dialectical-behavior-therapy
3. Breuer, J., & Freud, S. (1895). Studies in hysteria. In J. Strachey (Ed. & Trans.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. 2, pp. 1-17). London, England: Hogarth Press.
4. Bullock, K. D. (2015). Group therapy for patients with psychogenic non-epileptic Seizures: a pilot study. Epilepsy Behavior, 13, 624–629.
5. Carter, R. (1998). Mapping the Mind phoenix. London: Sage Publication.
6. Chapman, A. L. (2006). Dialectical behavior therapy: Current indications and unique Elements. Psychiatry (Edgmont), 3(9).62–8.
7. Clyne, C., & Blampied, N. M. (2004). Training in emotion regulation as a treatment for Binge Eating: A preliminary study. Behavior Change, 21, 269-281.
8. Del Río-Casanova, L., González-Vázquez, A. I., Justo, A., Andrade, V., Páramo, M., Brenlla, J., & Blanco-Hortas, A. (2018). The role of emotion dysregulation in Conversion Disorder. Actas espanolas de psiquiatria, 46(3), 92–103.
9. Dimeff, & Koerner, K. (2007). Dialectical behavior therapy in clinical practice: Applications across disorders and settings. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
10. Dodge, K. A. (1989). Coordinating responses to aversive stimuli: Introduction to special Section on the development of emotion regulation. Development Psychology, 25(3), 339-342.
11. Fenichel, O. (1946). Psychoanalytic theory of neurosis. London, England: Routledge & Kegan.
12. Fink, G. R., Halligan, P. W., & Marshall, J. C. (2006).Neuroimaging of hysteria. In M. Hallett, S. Fahn, J. Jankovic, A. E. Lang, et al. (Eds.), psychogenic movement Disorders: Neurology and neuropsychiatry (pp. 230-237). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
13. Freud, S. (1894). The neuro-psychoses of defence. In J. Strachey (Ed. and Trans.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud, 3, 45-61. London, England: Hogarth Press.
14. Goldman, S.J. (1992). Physical and sexual abuse histories among children with borderline Disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 149, (12), 1723-172.
15. Goldstein, L.H.(2010). Cognitive behavioral treatments. In Schachter SC, LaFrance Jr WC, (Eds). Gates and Rowan'sNon-Epileptic Seizures, (3rd ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press, (pp281-288).
16. Gratz, K. L. (2006). Risk factors for deliberate self-harm among female college students: The role and interaction of childhood maltreatment, emotional inexpressivity, and Affect intensity/reactivity. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 76, 238–250.
17. Gratz, K. L., & Chapman, A. L. (2007).The role of emotional responding and childhood maltreatment in the development and maintenance of deliberate self-harm among male Undergraduates. Psychology of Men and Masculinity, 8, 1–14.
18. Gratz, K. L., & Gunderson, J. G. (2006). Preliminary data on an acceptance-based emotion Regulation group intervention for deliberate self-harm among women with Borderline personality disorder. Behavior Therapy, 37, 25–35.
19. Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2004). Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation Scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 26, 41–54.
20. Herman, J. (1989).Childhood trauma in borderline personality disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 151(2), 277-280.
21. Holmes, D. S. (1974). Investigations of repression: Differential recall of material experimentally or naturally associated with ego threat. Psychological Bulletin, 42, 233-243.
22. Holmes, D.S. (1990) the evidence of repression: An examination of sixty years research. In J.L singer (Ed). Repression and dissociation: Implications for personality theory, psychopathology, health. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago press.(pp 404-430)
23. Kernberg, O.F. (1975). Borderline conditions and pathological narcissism. In P. Harticollis (Eds.), Borderline personality disorders (pp. 275-306).New York International Universities Press.
24. Klonsky, E. D. (2007). The functions of deliberate self-injury: A review of the evidence. Clinical Psychology Review, 27(2), 226–239.
25. Kozlowska, K., Schollar-Root, O., Savage, B., Hawkes, C., Chudleigh, C., Raghunandan, J., ... & Helgeland, H. (2023). Illness-promoting psychological processes in children and adolescents with functional neurological disorder. Children, 10(11), 1724.
26. Linehan, M. M .(1993b). Skills training manual for treating borderline personality disorder. NewYork: Guilford press.
27. Linehan, M. M. (1992) Cognitive-behavioral treatment of chronically suicidal borderline patients. Archives of General Psychiatry, 48, 1060–106
28. Linehan, M. M. (1993a). Cognitive behavioral treatment of borderline personality disorder. New York, NY, US: Guilford Press.
29. Linehan, M. M., & Heard H. L. (1990). Borderline personality disorder: Costs, course, and treatment outcomes. In N. Miller., & K. Magruder, (Eds.), The cost effectiveness of psychotherapy guide for practitioners (pp.291-305).New York: Oxford University Press.
30. Linehan, M.M. (1999). Dialectical behavior therapy versus comprehensive validation therapy plus 12-step for the treatment of opioid dependent women Meeting criteria for borderline personality disorder. Journal name is missing, 8(4), 279–292.
31. Linehan, M.M., Heard, H.L., & Armstrong, H. E. (1994). Naturalistic follow-up of a Behavioral treatment for chronically Para suicidal borderline patients. Archives of General Psychiatry, 50(12), 971-974.
32. Luborsky, L. (1987). Factors influencing clinicians' judgments of mental health. Archives of General Psychiatry, 31, 292–299.
33. Menefee, D. S., Ledoux, T., & Johnston, C. A. (2022). The Importance of Emotional Regulation in Mental Health. American journal of lifestyle medicine, 16(1), 28–31. https://doi.org/10.1177/15598276211049771.
34. Neacsiu, A. D., Rizvi, S. L., & Linehan, M. M. (2010). Dialectical Behavior Therapy skills use As a mediator and outcome of treatment for borderline personality disorder. Behavior Research and Therapy, 48(9), 832-839.
35. Polivy, J., & Herman, C. (1993). Etiology of binge eating: Psychological mechanisms. In: Fairburn CG, Wilson GT, editors. Binge eating: Nature, assessment, and treatment. Guilford Press; New York: pp. 173–205.
36. Seiver, L. J. (1997). The biology of borderline personality disorder. The journal for the California alliance for the mentally ill. Retrieved fromhttp://www.borderlinepersonalitytoday.com/main/ clinicians/siever.htm
37. Stone, J., Lafrance, W. C., Brown., J. R., Spiegel, D., Levenson, J. L., & Sharpe, M. (2011). Conversion disorder: Current problems and potential solutions for DSM-5. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 71, 369-376.
38. Teicher, M. H. (1994). Early abuse limbic system dysfunction and borderline personality Disorder. In K. R. Silk (Eds.). Biological and neurobehavioral studies of borderline Personality disorder (pp. 112-136).Washington D.C: American Psychiatric Press.
39. Telch, C. F, Agras, W. S., & Linehan, M. M. (2000). Group dialectical behavior therapy for Binge eating disorder: A preliminary uncontrolled trial Behavior Therapy, 31, 569-582.
40. Telch, C. F. (2001) Emotion regulation skills training treatment for binge eating disorder: Therapist manual. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 69, 1061–1065.
41. Veale, D., Gournay, K., Dryden, W,. Boocock, A., Shah, F., Willson, R., & Walburn, J. (1996). Body dysmorphic disorder: A cognitive behavioral model and Pilotrandomized controlled trial. Behavior Research and Therapy, 34, 717–729.
42. Wallace, L. M., Debra., & Safer D. L. (2014).Change in Emotion Regulation Guided self-Help Dialectical behavior therapy for Binge eating disorder. Journal of Eating Disorder, 9, 51-59
43. Woolfolk, R. L. & Allen, L. A. (2007). Treating Somatization: A Cognitive-Behavioral Approach. New York: Guilford Press.
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Aug 17, 2024
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Huma Mughal, Roomana Zeb, Saima Arzeen, Mian Mukhtar ul Haq, & Muhammad Firaz Khan. (2024). THE ROLE OF EMOTIONAL REGULATION SKILLS TRAINING IN ENHANCING GLOBAL ASSESSMENT OF FUNCTIONING IN INDIVIDUAL SUFFERING WITH CONVERSION DISORDER. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(8), 822-831. https://doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v31i8.7478
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Author Biographies
Huma Mughal
Clinical psychologist, Department of psychiatry and behavioral sciences Hayatabad Medical complex
Roomana Zeb
Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Peshawar
Saima Arzeen
Lecturer, Department of Psychology, University of Peshawar
Mian Mukhtar ul Haq
Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry Lead Reading Hospital, Peshawar
Muhammad Firaz Khan
Director Institute of Mental Health, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar
How to Cite
Huma Mughal, Roomana Zeb, Saima Arzeen, Mian Mukhtar ul Haq, & Muhammad Firaz Khan. (2024). THE ROLE OF EMOTIONAL REGULATION SKILLS TRAINING IN ENHANCING GLOBAL ASSESSMENT OF FUNCTIONING IN INDIVIDUAL SUFFERING WITH CONVERSION DISORDER. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(8), 822-831. https://doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v31i8.7478