BIRTH ORDER, SUICIDAL IDEATIONS AND PERCEIVED SOCIAL SUPPORT AMONG STUDENTS OF KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
Main Article Content
Keywords
Birth Order, Suicidal Ideations, Perceived Social Support
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to examine the effect of birth order on suicidal ideations and the moderating role of perceived social support. The sample consisted of (N=484) BS students, out of which (n=246) were male and (238) were female. Age range of the sample was 20-25 years with (M=23.70,SD= 8.43) and was selected through Convenient Sampling Technique from different universities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Maximum of the sample belonged to middle socioeconomic status. The Urdu version of the Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (Beck, Kovasac, & Weissman, 1976) prepared by Ayub (2008) and the Urdu version of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceives Social Support (Zimet et al.,1988) prepared by Jibeen (2010) were administered on the entire sample. Results showed significant difference in terms of suicidal ideations across birth order. The middle born were found to have significantly high level of suicidal ideations as compared to oldest and youngest born. Regression analyses indicate that perceived social support significantly moderates the effect of suicidal ideations. However no significant gender difference was found in terms of suicidal ideations. The results support two hypotheses. The findings have practical implications by suggesting an utmost need on part of the policy makers to arrange counseling programs to educate parents to provide equal social support and attention to their children irrespective of their birth order to overcome their problem of development of suicidal ideations which result in many cases suicide attempts in them.
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21. Easey, K. E., Mars, B., Pearson, R., Heron, J., & Gunnell, D. (2019). Association of birth order with adolescent mental health and suicide attempts: a population based longitudinal study. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 28(8), 1079-1086. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-018-1266
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24. Funahashi, T., Ibuki, Y., Domon, Y., Nishimura, T., Akehashi, D., & Sugiura, H. (2000). A clinical study on suicide among schizophrenics. Psychiatric and Clinical Neurosciences, 54(2), 173.
25. Galindo-Domínguez, H., & Iglesias, D.L. (2023). Emotional intelligence and suicidal ideation in adolescents: The mediating and moderating role of social support, Revista de Psicodidáctica, 2530-3805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psicoe.2023.02.001.
26. García Herrero, A. M., Sánchez-Meca, J., Álvarez Muñoz, F. J., Rubio-Aparicio, M., Navarro-Mateo, F. (2018). Neuroticism and suicidal ideation: a meta-analytic study. Spanish magazine of Public Health, 92 (916), 1-18. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30104562.
27. Glenn, C.R & Nock, M.K. (2014). Improving the short-term prediction of suicidal behavior. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 3(2),176-80. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2014.06.004.
28. Haber, M.G., Cohen, J.L., Lucas, T. et al. The relationship between self-reported received and perceived social support: A meta-analytic review. American Journal of Community Psychology, 39, 133–144 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10464-007-9100-9.
29. Harmer, B., Lee. S., Duong, T.V.H. & Saadabadi, A. (2021). Suicidal Ideation. In: Stat Pearls: Treasure Island. Stat Pearls.
30. Hollingsworth, D.W. (2014). "What about your friends?" Social support moderates perceived burdensomeness and suicidal ideation relationship. ProQuest LLC.
31. Huang, L., Zhang, T. (2022). Perceived Social Support, Psychological Capital, and Subjective Well-Being among College Students in the Context of Online Learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic. The Asia-Pacific Education Research, 31, 563–574. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40299-021-00608-3.
32. Jackson, S. (2019). The Relationship between Birth Order, Suicidal Ideation, and Suicide Attempts in
33. Joiner, T.E.(2005). Why people die by suicide. Cambridge, MA, US: Harvard University Press.
34. Joy, M., & Mathew, M.A. (2018). Impact of birth order. International Journal of Education and Psychological Research, 7(4).
35. Kaemra, T. & Singh, S. (2021). Influence of Birth Order on Personality and adjustment in Young
36. Kaya, S. D. (2012). A research levels of perceived social support on the responsible persons of the hospital units. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 21, 357-370. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/314453105.
37. Khan, M. M., & Hyder, A. A. (2006). Suicides in the developing world: Case study from Pakistan. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 36(1), 76-8.
38. Khan, R.M.S., Nawaz, K., Rouf, S.Y. A., Maryam, M., & Tabassum, S. (2018). Relationship between birth order, personality and academic performance. Rawal Medical Journal, 43 (1).
39. Kirkcaldy, B., Vejlgaard R.R., & Siefen, G. (2009) Birth order: Self-injurious and suicidal behavior among adolescents. Psychology of Health & Medicine, 14(1), 9-16. https;// doi. org/10.1080/13548500801983058.
40. Kleiman, E. M., & Liu, R.T. (2013). Social support as a protective factor in suicide: Findings from two nationally representative samples. Journal of Affective Disorders, 150(2), 540-545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2013.01.033.
41. Kleiman, E. M., & Liu, R.T. (2013). Social support as a protective factor in suicide: Findings from two nationally representative samples. Journal of Affective Disorders, 150(2), 540-545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2013.01.033.
42. Kleiman, E. M., & Liu, R.T. (2013). Utilized Social Support and Self-Esteem Mediate the Relationship Between Perceived Social Support and Suicide Ideation: Test of a Multiple Mediator Model. Crisis, 34 (1), 42-49. https://doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000159.
43. Kleiman, E. M., Riskind, J. H., Schaefer, K.E. & Weingarden, H. (2012). The Moderating Role of Social Support on the Relationship Between Impulsivity and Suicide Risk. Crisis, 33 (5), 273-279, https://doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000136.
44. Lester, D. (2001). Suicide and Birth Order. Perceptual and motor skills, 91, 836. https://doi.org/ 10.2466/pms.2000.91.3.836.
45. Lester, D., & Voracek, M. (2006). Big five personality scores and rates of suicidality in the United States. Psychological Reports, 112(2), 637-9. https://doi.org.10.2466/12.09.PR0.112.2.637-639.
46. Lester, D., & Voracek, M. (2006). Big five personality scores and rates of suicidality in the United States. Psychological Reports, 112(2), 637-9. https://doi.org.10.2466/12.09.PR0.112.2.637-639.
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Aug 17, 2024
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Maria Shoaib, Sharifullah Jan, Salma Andleeb, & Nighat Shaheen. (2024). BIRTH ORDER, SUICIDAL IDEATIONS AND PERCEIVED SOCIAL SUPPORT AMONG STUDENTS OF KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(8), 811-821. https://doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v31i8.7477
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Author Biographies
Maria Shoaib
Student , Department of Psychology, Islamia College Peshawar, Pakistan
Sharifullah Jan
Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Islamia College Peshawar, Pakistan
Salma Andleeb
Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Islamia College Peshawar, Pakistan
Nighat Shaheen
Associate Professor, HOD, Department of Psychology, Jinnah College for Women, University of Peshawar, Pakistan.
How to Cite
Maria Shoaib, Sharifullah Jan, Salma Andleeb, & Nighat Shaheen. (2024). BIRTH ORDER, SUICIDAL IDEATIONS AND PERCEIVED SOCIAL SUPPORT AMONG STUDENTS OF KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(8), 811-821. https://doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v31i8.7477