“TO STUDY THE PREVALENCE OF MALARIA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ITS SOCIO-ECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF PATIENTS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, UTTAR PRADESH”.
Main Article Content
Keywords
Socio-economic profile, Plasmodium falciparum, Febrile illness, Prevalence
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Malaria imposes great socio-economic burden on humanity, and with six other diseases (diarrhea, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, measles, hepatitis B, and pneumonia), accounts for 85% of global infectious disease burden. In many parts of India and the Indian subcontinent, malaria is highly prevalent. Plasmodium parasites are the causative agent of malaria. It continues to be a global public health concern around the world.
AIM AND OBJECTIVE: To find out the prevalence of malaria related to its socio-economic determinants of patients in a tertiary care hospital of Uttar Pradesh.
METHEDOLOGY: This was a hospital based cross-sectional study carried out in the Department of Microbiology during the monsoon and post monsoon of the year from 1st July to 31st December at Career institute of Medical Sciences & Hospital, Lucknow. A total of 395 blood samples were collected from patients having febrile illness along with their Socio-economic profile. The suspected cases was tested for the seriological test. Diagnosis was confirmed by suitable laboratory tests after exhaustive clinical examination.
RESULTS: In the present study out of the 395 blood samples, 85 (21.5%) were positive for Malaria. Among them Plasmodium falciparum (78.8%) was more commonly associated. The infection rate was higher in males (67%) as compared to the females (32.9%) and in patients aged > 10 years (48.2%). It was also observed that he high rate of infection was seen among the patients belong to lower class (70.5%) of rural areas(36.4%).
CONCLUSION: This study reveals a better understanding of the association of various risk factors that influence the incidence of malaria is required to design and/or deploy effective policies and strategies for malaria elimination. When prioritising clinical and diagnostic workup and starting the appropriate empirical and supportive therapy, doctors are guided by their understanding of the local aetiology of AUFI
References
2. Mohapatra MK, Dash LK, Barih PK, Karua PC. Profile of Mixed Species (Plasmodium vivax and falciparum) Malaria in Adults. J Assoc Physicians India.2012; 60: 20-24.
3. WHO. World malaria report 2020. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020.
4. National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme, Directorate of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. Malaria Situation in India, 2019.
5. Abdallah TM, Abdeen MT, Ahmed IS, Hamdan HZ, Magzoub M, et al. Severe Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax malaria among adults at Kassala Hospital, eastern Sudan. Malar. 2013; J 12: 148.
6. Gupta NK, Bansal SB, Jain UC and Sahare K. Study of thrombocytopenia in patients of malaria. Tropical Parasitology. 2013; 3: 58-61.
7. National Framework for Malaria Elimination 2016–2030: National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme, Government of India.
8 Strategic Plan for Malaria Control in India 2012–2017: National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme, Government of India.
9. Narain JP, Nath LM. Eliminating malaria in India by 2027: the countdown begins! Indian J Med Res. 2018; 148:123.
10 Dhiman S, Goswami D, Rabha B, Gopalakrishnan R, Baruah I, Singh L. Malaria epidemiology along Indo-Bangladesh border in Tripura state, India. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2010; 41:1279.
11. Thomas S, Ravishankaran S, Asokan A, Justin NJA, Kalsingh TMJ, Mathai MT, et al. Socio-demographic and household attributes may not necessarily infuence malaria: evidence from a cross sectional study of households in an urban slum setting of Chennai. India Malar J. 2018;17:4.
12 Yadav K, Dhiman S, Rabha B, Saikia P, Veer V. Socio-economic determinants for malaria transmission risk in an endemic primary health centre in Assam. India Infect Dis Poverty. 2014;3:19.
13. WHO. World malaria report 2019. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2019.
14. Sachin P, Arun S (2012) A retrospective study of characteristics of Malaria cases attending OPD of a tertiary care level hospital in Bilaspur district, Chhattisgarh. National Journal of Community Medicine 3: 218-220.
15. JivabhaiHT, Kanubhai VB, Hariharbhai AA, Animeshbhai DG, Kanubhai VV (2014) Retrospective study of malaria cases attending at tertiary care level hospital in Rajkot city, Gujarat. International Journal of Current Research 6: 6273-6276.
16. Karlekar SR, Deshpande MM, Andrew RJ Prevalence of Asymptomatic Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum Infections in Tribal Population of a Village in Gadchiroli District of Maharashtra State, India. Biological Forum-An International Journal. 2012; 4:42-44.
17. Gallup JL, Sachs JD. The economic burden of malaria. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2001; 64(1_Suppl):85–96.
18. Agomo CO, Oyibo WA. Factors associated with risk of malaria infection among pregnant women in Lagos, Nigeria. Infect Dis Poverty. 2013; 2:19.
19. Lowassa A, Mazigo HD, Mahande AM, Mwang’onde BJ, Msangi S, Mahande MJ, et al. Social economic factors and malaria transmission in Lower Moshi, northern Tanzania. Parasit Vectors. 2012; 5:129.
20. Gender, health and malaria: WHO Department of Gender, Women and Health; 2007.
21. Parks W, Bryan J. Gender, mosquitos and malaria: implications for community development programs in Laputta, Myanmar. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2001; 32:588–94.
22. Messina JP, Taylor SM, Meshnick SR, Linke AM, Tshefu AK, Atua B, et al. Population, behavioural and environmental drivers of malaria prevalence in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Malar J. 2011; 10:161.
23. Reuben R. Women and malaria—special risks and appropriate control strategy. Soc Sci Med. 1993; 37:473–80.
24. Sahar S, Akhtar T, Bilal H, Rana MS. Prevalence of plasmodium falciparum, malarial parasite in Muzaffargarh district, Punjab-Pakistan: a two year study. Pakistan Journal of Science . 2012; 64: 64-66.
25. de Castro MC, Fisher MG. Is malaria illness among young children a cause or a consequence of low socioeconomic status? Evidence from the United Republic of Tanzania. Malar J. 2012;11:161
26. Somi MF, Butler JR, Vahid F, Njau J, Kachur SP, Abdulla S. Is there evidence for dual causation between malaria and socioeconomic status? Findings from rural Tanzania. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2007; 77:1020–7.
27. Asif AM, Tahir MR, Arshad IA. Socioeconomic condition and prevalence of malaria fever in Pakistani children: fndings from a Community Health Survey. J Trop Pediatr. 2018; 64:189–94.
28.Tusting LS, Rek JC, Arinaitwe E, Staedke SG, Kamya MR, Bottomley C, et al. Measuring socioeconomic inequalities in relation to malaria risk: a comparison of metrics in rural Uganda. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2016 ;94:650–8.
29. Jena B, Prasad MNV, Murthy S. Demand pattern of medical emergency services for infectious diseases in Andhra Pradesh – A geo-spatial temporal analysis of fever cases. Indian Emergency Journal. 2010; 1(5):821.
30. Murdoch DR, Woods CW, Zimmerman MD, Dull PM, Belbase RH, Keenan AJ, et al. The aetiology of febrile illness in adults presenting to Patan Hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2004; 70(6):670–75
Article Sidebar
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
All articles published in JPTCP are licensed under Copyright Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Awadhesh Kumar
Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.
Kamlesh Kumar
Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, Maharshi Vashishtha ASMC Basti, India
Amit Kumar Singh
Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Prasad Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
Ritika Tiwari
Tutor, Department of Microbiology, Uma Nath Singh Autonomous State Medical College, Jaunpur, India
Deepak Kumar
Assistant Professor and Head, Department of Microbiology, Uma Nath Singh Autonomous State Medical College, Jaunpur, India
Nashra Afaq
Research Associate, Department of Microbiology and Central Research Laboratory, Rama Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Mandhana, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
Chinmoy Sahu
Professor, Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.