“COMPARISON OF FETOMATERNAL OUTCOME IN SICKLE CELL DISEASE WITH HBAA PATTERN DURING PREGNANCY”

Abstract

Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a hereditary hemoglobinopathy that causes various complications during pregnancy. Pregnant women with SCD face higher maternal and fetal risks compared to those with the normal hemoglobin (HbAA) genotype. These complications, including vaso-occlusive crises, anemia, preeclampsia, and fetal growth restrictions, contribute to poorer outcomes for both mother and child.
Objectives: This study aims to compare the fetomaternal outcomes between pregnant women with SCD and those with the HbAA pattern.
Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library for articles published between 2013 and 2024. Inclusion criteria consisted of studies that evaluated study comparing fetomaternal outcomes in women with SCD versus HbAA during pregnancy were identified from databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Both randomized controlled trials and observational studies were included, and quality assessments were performed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool.
Results: A total of 10 studies met the inclusion criteria, involving 1,053 women (603 with SCD and 450 with HbAA). Women with SCD exhibited higher rates of severe anemia, preterm delivery, cesarean section, and complications such as vaso-occlusive crises and pregnancy-induced hypertension. Fetal outcomes in SCD pregnancies were marked by increased risks of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), low birth weight, and neonatal mortality, compared to the HbAA group, which generally had more favorable outcomes.
Conclusion: Pregnancies in women with SCD are associated with significantly higher maternal and fetal complications compared to those with the HbAA genotype. Multidisciplinary care is crucial to mitigate risks and improve outcomes for both mother and fetus.