A STUDY OF OCULAR MANIFESTATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH HIV/AIDS INFECTION AND ITS CO-RELATIONSHIP WITH CD4 CELL COUNT
Main Article Content
Keywords
Ocular Manifestations, HIV/AIDS, Co-relation, CD4 Cell Count.
Abstract
Background: This study was conducted to evaluate the ocular lesions of HIV/AIDS in relation to CD4 count and the visual impairment they cause.
Methods: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted among 387 patients at A.R.T. Centre S.R.N. Hospital, M.L.N. Medical College, Allahabad, from August 2013 to July 2014, after obtaining clearance from the institutional ethics committee and written informed consent from the study participants.
Results: One of the main causes of eye disorders and visual impairment, including blindness, was HIV/AIDS. There was a substantial correlation between the low CD4 count and the incidence of ocular symptoms and vision impairment. Ocular symptoms were substantially more common in patients with a CD4 count of 0–100 cells/mm3 than in other patients. Patients with low CD4 levels had more severe ocular symptoms of HIV/AIDS in terms of visual decline.
Conclusion: Early diagnosis and prompt treatment will go a long way in preventing visual impairment. We hereby conclude that HIV/AIDS affects the reproductive age group with male preponderance.
References
[2] Sahu DK, Namperumalsamy P, Walimbe P, Rajalakshmi C. Ocular manifestations of HIV infection/AIDS in South Indian patients. Indian Journal of Ophthalmology 1999;47(2):79-85.
[3] Annual Report 2009-10, Department of AIDS Control Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, www.naco.org.
[4] Bekele S, Gelaw Y, Tessema F. Ocular manifestation of HIV/AIDS and correlation with CD4+ cells count among adult HIV/AIDS patients in Jimma town, Ethiopia: a cross sectional study. BMC Ophthalmol 2013; 13:20.
[5] Kumar P, Vats DP, Mishra S, Makkar A, Banarji A, Patyal S, et al. CD4 counts: a strong indicator of retinal and ocular lesions in HIV disease. Medical Journal, Armed Forces India 2011;67(4):354.
[6] Shah SU, Kerkar SP, Pazare AR. Evaluation of ocular manifestations and blindness in HIV/AIDS patients on HAART in a tertiary care hospital in western India.Br J Ophthalmol 2009;93(1):88–90.
[7] Pathai S, Deshpande A, Gilbert C, Lawn SD. Prevalence of HIV-associated ophthalmic disease among patients enrolling for antiretroviral treatment in India: a cross-sectional study. BMC Infectious Diseases 2009; 9:158.
[8] Amare B, Admassu F, Assefa Y, Moges B, Ali J, et al. Pattern of ocular manifestation of HIV/ AIDS among patients on HAART in ART clinic of Gondar University Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. J Clinic Experiment Ophthalmol 2011; 2:192.
[9] Wang Z, Jia R, Ge S, He T, Zhang Y, Yang Y, et al. Ocular complications of human immunodeficiency virus infection in eastern china. Am J Ophthalmol 2012;153(2):363-9.
[10] Ifeanyi AR, Ezenwa U, Tarilah T, Opubiri IR. Ocular manifestation of HIV/AIDS infection among patients receiving highly active Anti retro viral therapy (HAART) in a tertiary eye care centre. Journal of AIDS and HIV Research 2013;5(9):322-7.
[11] Biswas J, Joseph A, Raizada S, Kumamsamy N, Solomon S. Ophthalmic manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in India. Indian J Ophthalmol 1999;47(2):87-93.
[12] Acharya PK, Venugopal KC, Karimsab DP, Balasubramanya S. Ocular Manifestations in Patients with HIV Infection/AIDS who were Referred from the ART Centre, Hassan, Karnataka, India. J Clin Diagn Res 2012;6(10):1756-60.
[13] Venkatesh KK, Biswas J, Kumarasamy N. Impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy on ophthalmic manifestations in human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Indian Journal of Ophthalmology 2008;56(5):391-3.
[14] Balo KP, Amoussou YP, Béchetoille A, Mihluedo H, Djagnikpo PA, Akpandja SM, et al. Cytomegalovirus retinitis and ocular complications in AIDS patients in Togo. J Fr Ophtalmol 1999;22(10):1042-6.
[15] Ausayakhun S, Watananikorn S, Ittipunkul N, Chaidaroon W, Patikulsila P, Patikulsila D. Epidemiology of the ocular complications of HIV infection in Chiang Mai. J Med Assoc Thai 2003;86(5):399-406.
[16] Jabs DA, Van Natta ML, Holbrook JT, Kempen JH, Meinert CL, Davis MD, et al. Longitudinal study of the ocular complications of AIDS: 2. Ocular examination results at enrollment. Ophthalmology 2007;114(4):787-93.
[17] Lamichhanne G, Shah DN, Sharma S, Chaudary M. Ocular manifestations in HIV cases in Nep J Oph 2010;2(3):45-5.
Article Sidebar
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
All articles published in JPTCP are licensed under Copyright Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Dr. Ravindra Kumar
Assistant Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, Autonomous State Medical College, Hardoi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Dr. Vivek Kumar Verma
Associate Professor & HOD, Department of General Medicine, Autonomous State Medical College, Hardoi, Uttar Pradesh, India.