SEROPREVALENCE OF TRANSFUSION TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS AMONG BLOOD DONORS IN TRANSFUSION MEDICINE DEPARTMENT OF A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN A RURAL SETUP IN NORTH INDIA
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Keywords
Transfusion Transmitted Infections (TTIs), Blood (Voluntary and Replacement) Donors, Rural Region, Serologic Testing, Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Enzyme-Linked immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR)
Abstract
Background: Transfusion transmitted infections (TTIs) are the major problems associated with blood transfusions.
Aim: Our aim is to estimate the prevalence of TTIs in blood donors in the unit of Transfusion Medicine and Immunohaematology working under department of Pathology of a rural tertiary care hospital, North India.
Materials: The study was conducted on 15,739 blood units of voluntary and replacement donors from August 2020 to July 2023. Serologic testing was done for Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) and Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) by using the appropriate microwell Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Laboratory diagnosis for syphilis and Malaria was done using Rapid plasma reagin (RPR) and malaria antigen kit, respectively. The donated blood was discarded whenever the pilot donor sample was found positive for any TTIs.
Results: A total of 15,739 blood donors were screened, of which 15,484 (98.37%) were males and 255 (1.62%) were females. The mean age of the blood donors were 30 years with standard deviation of ±2.2. Of these, 14,165 were replacement (89.99%) and 1,574 voluntary donors (10%). The donor population was mostly in 26-35 years (52%) age group. The overall seroprevalence of HBV, HCV, HIV, Syphilis and Malaria was found to be 2.89%, 0.80%, 0.17%, 0.06% and 0.04% respectively. Hepatitis-B was the most common and Hepatitis-C was second most common infection.
Conclusion: TTIs are prevalent at high rates among blood donors in rural regions. Extensive donor selection and highly standard techniques are required to avoid transfusion of infectious blood products.
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Dr. Chandrawati
Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, Autonomous State Medical College, Fatehpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
Dr. Santosh Kumar
Associate Professor, Department of General Medicine, Autonomous State Medical College, Fatehpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Dr. Vivek Kumar Verma
Associate Professor, Department of General Medicine, Autonomous State Medical College, Fatehpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.