BODY IMAGE IMPACTS SOCIAL ANXIETY: EXAMINE THE CHAIN MEDIATION OF FEAR OF NEGATIVE SELF EVALUATION AND EMOTIONAL SELF-REGULATION IN COLLEGE STUDENTS
Main Article Content
Keywords
Self-Image, Physical Appearance, Mediation, Emotional Health, College Students
Abstract
Pakistani college students are facing immediate issues regarding social anxiety, which requires our attention. The aim of this study is to improve understanding of the contributing factors and mechanisms related to social anxiety by investigating how a poor physical self-image affects social anxiety, as well as the mediating effects of fear of negative evaluation and emotional self-regulation. In this investigation, 924 students from Pakistani colleges completed evaluations that measured negative physical self-image, fear of negative evaluation, emotional self-regulation, and social anxiety. SPSS 26.0 performed the statistical analysis, and we made use of the Bootstrap method to determine the importance of the mediating effects. The findings showed a solid positive link between a poor physical self-image and social anxiety in college students. The relationship was found to have independent mediating effects from fear of negative evaluation and emotional self-regulation. In addition, these two conditions created a bidirectional chain mediation relationship between social anxiety and negative physical self-image. This study offers important understanding of how negative body image affects social anxiety in Pakistani college students, showing that judgment fear and emotional self-regulation are key mediators. The findings supply a base for policymakers and educators to design special interventions that help reduce social anxiety among college students.
References
2. Cash, T. F., & Fleming, E. C. (2002). The impact of body image experiences: Development of the body image quality of life inventory. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 31(4), 455-460. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.10033
3. Cash, T. F., & Fleming, E. C. (2002). The impact of body image experiences: Development of the body image quality of life inventory. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 31(4), 455–460. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.10033
4. Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). Sage Publications.
5. Farooq, F., & Batool, I. (2020). The role of social media in shaping body image concerns among youth in Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research, 35(1), 12-24. https://doi.org/10.33824/PJPR.2020.35.1.12
6. Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (2003). Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: Implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(2), 348-362. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.348
7. Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (2003). Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: Implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(2), 348–362. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.348
8. Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. Guilford Press.
9. Hofmann, S. G. (2007). Cognitive factors that maintain social anxiety disorder: A comprehensive model and its treatment implications. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 36(4), 193-209. https://doi.org/10.1080/16506070701421313
10. IBM Corp. (2019). IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 26.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.
11. Iqbal, H., & Dar, S. (2021). Emotional regulation and psychological well-being: An exploration among Pakistani youth. Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 31(2), 103-119.
12. Levinson, C. A., & Rodebaugh, T. L. (2012). Social anxiety and eating disorder comorbidity: The role of negative social evaluation fears. Eating Behaviors, 13(1), 27-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2011.11.006
13. Mattick, R. P., & Clarke, J. C. (1998). Development and validation of measures of social phobia scrutiny fear and social interaction anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36(4), 455–470. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(97)10031-6
14. Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40(3), 879–891. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.40.3.879
15. Reilly, E. E., Rapp, A. M., & Levinson, C. A. (2019). Fear of negative evaluation and eating pathology: A meta-analysis and systematic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 70(1), 27-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2019.04.003
16. Rodebaugh, T. L., Woods, C. M., & Heimberg, R. G. (2004). The dimensional structure of the fear of negative evaluation scale: A reevaluation. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 18(5), 541-555. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2003.07.005
17. Schlenker, B. R., & Leary, M. R. (1982). Social anxiety and self-presentation: A conceptualization model. Psychological Bulletin, 92(3), 641-669. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.92.3.641
18. Watson, D., & Friend, R. (1969). Measurement of social-evaluative anxiety. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 33(4), 448–457. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0027806
19. Weeks, J. W., Heimberg, R. G., & Rodebaugh, T. L. (2005). The fear of positive evaluation scale: Assessing a proposed cognitive component of social anxiety disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 22(1), 44-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2007.08.002
Article Sidebar
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
All articles published in JPTCP are licensed under Copyright Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Zeeshan Manzoor
MS Clinical Psychology, Department of Professional Psychology, Bahria University Lahore Campus, Pakistan.
Gulshan Ali
Clinical Psychologist, Punjab AIDS Control Program, Primary and Secondary Health Care Department, Pakistan.
Uzma Nadeem
MS Clinical Psychology, Riphah Institute of Clinical and Professional Psychology, Riphah International University Lahore, Pakistan.
Syeda Manal Fatima
Ph.D. Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
Sana Sultan
MS Clinical Psychology, Riphah Institute of Clinical and Professional Psychology, Riphah International University Lahore, Pakistan