ANALYSIS TO EXPLORE THE PREVALENCE RATE OF POLIO IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN: CAUSES, CONSEQUENCES AND REMEDIES

Abstract

This study investigated the association of polio with demographic, social factors, and living conditions in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, focusing on patients in Peshawar. A case-control approach was employed, collecting data from 222 polio cases and 100 healthy controls, selected from relatives of patients. The analysis found a significantly higher incidence of polio among families with incomes below Rs. 20,000. Chi-square tests and odds ratios indicated that males are at higher risk for polio compared to females (Odds Ratio = 1.586). Individuals without proper sanitation facilities were also more susceptible to polio (Odds Ratio = 0.081). Logistic regression identified several key risk factors, including sources of information about polio, previous exposure to polio patients, dietary practices such as consuming hot food post-vaccination, duration of symptoms, and the effectiveness of polio vaccination in preventing other diseases. Resistance to receiving polio vaccinations and inadequate sanitation also emerged as significant factors. Furthermore, cluster analysis using the gap statistic, silhouette statistic, and elbow method revealed that three clusters best represent the data, providing robust insights and reinforcing the study’s findings. This comprehensive analysis highlights the importance of addressing socioeconomic and sanitation-related factors and suggests targeted strategies for effective polio eradication efforts. The results underscore the need for tailored public health interventions to combat polio effectively in Pakistan.