EVALUATION OF PHAGE ANTIBIOTIC SYNERGISM AGAINST STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ISOLATED FROM THE WOUNDS OF DIABETIC PATIENTS
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Keywords
S. aureus, Catalase, Mannitol Salt Agar, Blood Agar, Bacteriophages, Antibiotics, Double Agar Overlay
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a Gram-positive bacterium that can thrive under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. It is spherical in shape and forms clusters resembling grapes. On agar media, it produces colonies with a distinctive golden or yellow color. S. aureus has the ability to tolerate high concentrations of salt. It yielded positive results for catalase, coagulase and mannitol fermentation tests. This pathogenic bacterium is the cause of infection in hospital and community settings. In immunosuppressed individuals, such as diabetics, foot ulcers are a common complication, affecting approximately 15% of diabetics. These ulcers create an environment that promotes microbial colonization and growth, of which S. aureus is an important colonizer. In addition, S. aureus has developed resistance to a variety of antibiotics. In this study, we collected 50 samples from different hospitals in Faisalabad. These samples were cultured on a specific agar medium to isolate and purify S. aureus. To confirm the presence of this bacterium, biochemical tests were performed. Phages specifically targeting S. aureus were isolated using the double agar overlay method. We assessed the synergistic effect of phage (106 PFU/ml) and antibiotic against S. aureus by measuring the optical density (OD) of bacterial cultures before and after treatment. Analyze the difference in OD values to assess the effect of the treatments. The main purpose of this study was to explore the potential of phages as an alternative therapy and to investigate their synergistic effects when combined with antibiotics in the treatment of S. aureus. Our findings suggest that the combination of phages and antibiotics holds promise for the development of phage-based approaches to control bacterial infections.
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Rimsha Kanwal
Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan.
Kaleem Ullah
Directorate General (Research) Livestock and Dairy Development Department Peshawar, 25000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Sania Mubeen
Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan.
Farwa Humak
Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
Muhammad Usman
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad.
Mah Noor Rehman
Department of Pharmacy, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University) Lahore, Pakistan.
Muhammad Sulaman Toor
Interschool Section of Mathematical, Physical and Natural Sciences of DIBRIS, University of Genova.
Aslam Abdullah
Civil Veterinary Hospital Loralai, Baluchistan, Pakistan.
Sajida Mustafa
Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan.
Saqib Ali
Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan.
Saifuddin
Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
Rabia Kanwar
Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan.
Muhammad Aamir Aslam
Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan.