ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY AND RESISTANCE PROFILES OF BACTERIAL ISOLATES IN THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT OF A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
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Abstract
Background: Antibiotics are the cornerstone of modern medicine, playing a crucial role in the treatment of bacterial infections. Research identify specific resistance patterns among bacterial isolates, crucial for guiding treatment decisions, enhancing infection control strategies, and addressing the broader public health challenge of antibiotic resistance.Objective: To analyse the antibiotic sensitivity and resistance profile in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of a tertiary care hospital.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional, prospective study was conducted over a three months period in January 2023 to January 2024 and involved 150 participants admitted to the ICU of a tertiary care hospital. The culture and sensitivity patterns of clinical isolates from blood, urine, sputum, endotracheal tube (ET) aspirates, catheter sites, and wound swabs were analyzed. Positive cultures were isolated, and their antibiotic sensitivity testing was performed according to the guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI).
Results: Cultures were obtained from 150 participants. Among these, 111 patients had positive cultures, while 39 had negative cultures. The isolated bacteria were predominantly gram-negative bacilli, with Escherichia coli being the most common (18.6%), followed by Acinetobacter (14.5%), Klebsiella (11.6%), Pseudomonas (9.8%), and Proteus (1.74%). Among gram-positive organisms, coagulase-negative staphylococcus (CoNS) was the most frequently isolated (15.6%), followed by Streptococcus (2.32%). Fungal growth was observed in 26 samples (15.11%). The distribution of samples with positive cultures included blood (n = 48), sputum (n = 17), urine (n = 39), ET aspirate (n = 40), pus (n = 11), catheter sites (n = 4), ear swabs (n = 2), and stool (n = 1).
Conclusion: The prevalence of gram-negative bacterial infections is rising in ICUs, complicating the selection of appropriate antibiotics. Therefore, studying the antibiotic sensitivity and resistance patterns in a hospital setting is crucial for guiding clinicians in initiating empirical antibiotic treatment in critical cases.
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Srinivasu Karedla
Ph.D., Research scholar, Department of Pharmacology, Rohilkhand Medical College & Hospital,
Bareilly International University, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
Shalini Chandra
Professor & Head, Department of Pharmacology, Rohilkhand Medical College & Hospital,
Bareilly International University, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
Tamma Naveen Kumar
Professor and Head, Department of pharmacology, Mahavir institute of medical sciences
Anju Saxena
Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Rohilkhand Medical College & Hospital, Bareilly International University, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India. E
Iram Shaifali
Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Rohilkhand Medical College & Hospital, Bareilly International University, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Sura Amarendar
Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacology, NAMO Medical Education and Research Institute, Silvassa, DNH. (U.T), India.
Manohar Yazali
Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacology, NRI Academy of Science s, Chinakakani, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India.