THE PREVALENCE OF TYPHOID FEVER AMONG DIFFERENT SOCIO DEMOGRAPHIC CATEGORIES AND GENDERS
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Keywords
Typhoid fever, prevalence, adults, socio demographics
Abstract
Background: Between 11 and 21 million cases of typhoid fever are thought to occur worldwide each year, with 120,000 to 160,000 fatalities. There used to be a lower fatality rate, with roughly 16 million cases and 600,000 deaths. In 2007, it was reported that Pakistan, Peru, Indonesia, India, Egypt, Nepal, and Mexico were the world's main hotspots for typhoid fever. According to a 2003 examination, typhoid fever was the main cause of deaths in Pakistan each year. The ViPS and Ty21 vaccines were suggested by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2008 as part of a Programme to stop typhoid outbreaks.
Objective: To determine the prevalence of typhoid fever among different socio demographic categories and genders.
Study design: A cross-sectional study
Place and Duration: This study was conducted in Khairpur Medical College Teaching Hospital, Khairpur Mir's from June 2023 to December 2023
Methodology: All suspected cases of typhoid fever, (male and female), regardless of age or socioeconomic status, were included in the study if they exhibited symptoms such as temperature over 99°F, relative bradycardia, abdominal pain, headache, diarrhea, weakness, etc.In addition to filling out a questionnaire, participants donated 5 milliliters of venous blood, which was centrifuged to produce serum. An Accu-Chek RAPID Diagnostic Test kit was used for the tests, and bands that appeared after 15 minutes were used to interpret the results.
Results: There were a total of 300 patients suspected of typhoid fever. There were a total of 199 cases (66.33%)that resulted in positive cases. Among the positive tests, there were 103(51.7%) females and 96 (48.3) males. The number of people suspected of having symptomatic typhoid fever was significantly higher in the 21-30 yearsage range.
Conclusion: The study found that typhoid fever was more common among females, age group of 21 to 30 years, especially in rural and lower-class areas, than in urban and upper-class areas.
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Safdar Ali Pervez
Associate Professor of Medicine, Khairpur Medical college Khairpur mirs Pakistan
Zahid Hussain
Consultant Physician/Medical officer, District Health Office Malir Karachi Pakistan
Naeema Asghar
Assistant Professor of Community Medicine, Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical College Lyari Karachi Pakistan
Farukh Imtiaz
Associate Professor of Community Medicine, Khairpur Medical college Khairpur mirs Pakistan
Kaneez Fatima
Assistant Professor of Medicine, Isra University Hospital hyderabad Pakistan
Bakhtiar Ahmed
Associate Professor Paediatrics, Pir Abdul Qadir Shah Jillani Institute of Medical Sciences Gambat Pakistan.