CLINICAL ESTIMATION OF IMPLICATIVE FACTORS ALONGWITH TREATMENT OF DEPRESSION BY USING PHQ-9 SCORE ANALYSIS
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Keywords
Depression, female, socioeconomic status, stressful situations, severity, counselling, SSRIs.
Abstract
Depression is a mental health condition marked by ongoing feelings of grief, loss of energy and difficulty dealing with daily life activities. Aim of this study is to assess the implicative factors, prevalence and treatment trend of depression. A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of psychiatry of Islam Teaching Hospital, Sialkot, Pakistan. Data of 55 depressive patients was taken and filled in a well-structured questionnaire during face to face interview. Majority of the depressive patients were from the age category of 21-30 years (n=20, 36.4%). Females (n=39, 70.9%) were more affected by depression than males (n=16, 29.1%) with more prevalence in unmarried people (n=33, 60%) and in urban population (n=42, 76.4%). Most of the depressive patients were of graduation level (n=34, 61.8%) and were students (n=20, 36.3%). A number of depressive patients were suffering from hypertension (n=5, 9.1%). The risk factor with the highest prevalence among the depressive patients was socioeconomic status including both middle and low class (n=36, 65.5%), followed by stressful situations (n=34, 61.8%), irregular sleep (n=31, 56.4%), unemployment (n=30, 54.5%), lack of exercise (n=20, 36.4%), mental traumatic events (n=15, 27.3%), genetic factors (n=9, 16.4%) and physical traumatic events (n=3, 5.5%). Equal number of moderate (n=16, 29.1%) and severely moderate depressive patients (n=16, 29.1%) were reported, followed by mild depression (n=15, 27.3%), minimal depression (n=6, 10.9%) and severe depression (n=2, 3.6%). Majority of the depressive patients were receiving counselling (n=49, 89.1%) along with cognitive behavioral therapy (n=17, 30.9%). Most of the patients were taking escitalopram (n=12, 21.8%), followed by fluoxetine (n=6, 10.9%), venlafaxine (n=03, 5.5%), fluvoxamine (n=3, 5.5%), sertraline (n=2, 3.6%), quetiapine (n=2, 3.6%), dosulephine HCl (2, 3.6%), paroxetine (n=2, 3.6%), fluphenazine/nortriptyline (n=1, 1.8%), lithium carbonate (n=1, 1.8%) and mirtazapine (n=1, 1.8%).
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Faiza Naeem
Ph. D. Scholar (Clinical Pharmacy), Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
Muhammad Omer Iqbal
Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, the Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
Hafiz Muhammad Mazhar Asjad
Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacy, Forman Christian College University Lahore, Postal code 54600, Punjab, Pakistan
Muhammad Soaib Said
Ph. D. Scholar (Clinical Pharmacy), Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
Nazir Suliman
Lecturer, Department of Pharmacy University of Poonch Rawalakot ,AJK, Pakistan
Amer Hayat Khan
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
Aqsa Tanveer
Pharmacist, Gulab Devi Teaching Hospital, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
Manan Khalil
M.Phil Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan