A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PSYCHOLOGICAL COPING STRATEGIES AMONG FOOTBALL PLAYERS
Main Article Content
Keywords
Psychological, Body Mass Index (BMI), Strength, Endurance, Speed, Flexibility, Cardiovascular Fitness, Stress, Anxiety, Depression, Coping Strategies.
Abstract
This study intends to examine the Sri Lanka and Pakistan football players’ fitness level and coping strategies. Current study compares football players’ psychological coping mechanisms. The different tests will be conducted and the Survey method will be used for the appropriate outcome. It can be helpful for football players, football clubs, Pakistan and Sari Lanka Football Federation. Quantitative research with a non-probability convenient sampling technique is used for this study. Different tests related to Fitness are conducted for psychosocial coping mechanisms, standard questionnaires were used. This kind of research allows one to quantify information and extrapolate results from the sample to the whole population. After obtaining the data, the researcher analyzed data and it is concluded that, the physical fitness level of Sri Lankan football players is much better than Pakistani football players. This has a direct effect on their psychological coping strategies of Sri Lankan football players. Because the psychological coping strategies of Sri Lankan football players are much better than the psychological coping strategies of Pakistani football players. The result of the current study proves that if football players have good physical fitness levels then a good physical fitness have significant positive effects on psychological coping strategies of football players.
References
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24. Kaewsaeng-on, R., Kane, K. J., &Vundla, S. (2015). Talent-its application to the Thai hospitality industry. International Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology, 6(6), 367.
25. Kim, M.S., & Duda, J. (2003). the coping process: Cognitive appraisals of stress, coping strategies, and coping effectiveness. The Sport Psychologist, 17, 406- 425.
26. Kumar, V. (2019). Development of a practical model for coaches to use mental skills training to enhance psychological strengths for athletes (Doctoral dissertation, ACU Research Bank).
27. Lazarus RS. How emotions influence performance in competitive sports. Sport Psychol. 2000;14(3):229.
28. Lazarus, R.S., & Folk man, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal and coping. New York: Springer- Verlag.
29. Locke, E.A., Shaw, K.N., Saari, L.M., & Latham, G.P. (1981). Goal setting and task performance. Psychological Bulletin, 90, 125 - 152.
30. McGrath, J.E. (1970). Major methodical issues. In J.E. McGrath (Ed.), Social and psychological factors in stress (pp. 19-49). New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
31. Murray, H.A. (1938). Explorations in personality. New York: Oxford University press. Mustafovic, E., Causevic, D., Covic, N., Ibrahimovic, M., Alic, H., Abazovic, E.,
32. &Masic, S. (2020). Talent Identification in Youth Football: A Systematic Review. Journal of Anthropology of Sport and Physical Education, 4(4), 37- 43.
33. Nicholls, A. R., Holt, N. L., Polman, R. C. J., & James, D. W. G. (2005b). Stress, coping, and coping effectiveness among international adolescent golfers. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 17, 333 – 340.
34. Noblet AJ, Gifford SM. The sources of stress experienced by professional Australian footballers. J Appl Sport Psychol. 2002;14(1):1–13.
35. Parekh, S. M., Fernandes, G. S., Moses, J. P., Fuller, C. W., Scammell, B. E., Batt, M. E., ... & Doherty, M. (2021). Risk factors for knee osteoarthritis in retired professional
36. footballers: a cross-sectional study. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 31(3), 281. Psychological Reports, 1992, 70, 407-450. #151 NEEDS (MURRAY, 1938) AND STATE-VARIABLES (SKINNER, 1938)
37. Reardon CL, Factor RM. Sport psychiatry: a systematic review of diagnosis and medical treatment of mental illness in athletes. Sports Med. 2010;40(11):961–80.
38. Rosario, M., Shinn, M., Morch, H., & Huckabee, C.B. (1988). Gender differences in coping and social support: Testing socialisation and role constraint theories. Journal of Community Psychology, 16, 55 – 69.
39. Smith, R. E., Schutz, R. W., Smoll, F. L., & Ptacek, J. T. (1995). Development and validation of a multidimensional measure of sport-specific psychological skills: The Athletic Coping Skills Inventory-28. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 17, 379 – 398.
40. Tamres, L. K., Janicki, D., & Helgeson, V. S. (2002). Sex differences in coping behaviour: A meta-analytic review and an examination of relative coping. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 6, 2 – 30. Vealey, R. S. (1986).
41. Ulrich, D., Younger, J., Brockbank, W., & Ulrich, M. (2012). HR talent and the new HR competencies. Strategic HR Review.
42. Vealey, R. S., Low, W., Pierce, S., & Quinones-Paredes, D. (2014). Choking in sport: ACT on it! Journal of Sport Psychology in Action, 5(3), 156-169.
43. Vescovi, J. D., &Jovanović, M. (2021). Sprint Mechanical Characteristics of Female Soccer Players: A Retrospective Pilot Study to Examine a Novel Approach for Correction of Timing Gate Starts. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 3, 112.
44. Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affects: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1063 – 1070.
45. Wolanin A, Gross M, Hong E. Depression in athletes: prevalence and risk factors. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2015;14(1):56–60.
46. Roy, N., Tanveer, M., & Liu, Y. H. (2022). Stress and coping strategies for international students in China during COVID-19 pandemic. International Research Journal of Education and Innovation, 3(1), 1-12.
47. Tanveer, M., Hohmann, A., Roy, N., Zeba, A., Tanveer, U., & Siener, M. (2022). The current prevalence of underweight, overweight, and obesity associated with demographic factors among Pakistan school-aged children and adolescents—An empirical cross-sectional study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(18), 11619.
48. Tanveer, M., Tanveer, U., Afzal, M., Rana, N., Nagra, R., Anjum, W., & Haseeb, M. (2022). Community-Level Factors Associated with Body Mass Index Among Pakistani School-Aged Adolescents. Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences, 16(09), 463-463.
49. Tanveer, M., Tanveer, U., Tanveer, N., Roy, N., Zeba, A., & Razzaq, F. A. (2022). Parental health attitudes and knowledge factors associated with body mass index among Pakistani school-aged adolescents. Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences, 16(09), 479-479.
50. Tanveer, M., Tanveer, U., Zeba, A., & Siener, M. (2024). PREVALENCE OF BODY MASS INDEX AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH INTERPERSONAL FAMILY-LEVEL FACTORS AMONG SCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS IN PAKISTAN. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(2), 2365-2376.
51. Tanveer, M., Roy, N., Zeba, A., Haider, S., Albarha, N. S., Tanveer, N., ... & Tanveer, U. (2022). Prevalence of Body Mass Index and Associated with Demographic Factors among Pakistan School-Aged Adolescents. Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences, 16(06), 212-212.
52. Tanveer, M., Asghar, E., Tanveer, U., Roy, N., Zeba, A., Khan, M. Z. H., ... & Razzaq, F. A. (2024). INTRAPERSONAL LEVEL UNHEALTHY BEHAVIORS (SMOKING, DRINKING ALCOHOL, AND TOBACCO USE) AND THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH BODY MASS INDEX AMONG SCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS IN PAKISTAN. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(3), 50-62.
2. Almulla, J., Takiddin, A., &Househ, M. (2020). The use of technology in tracking soccer players’ health performance: a scoping.
3. Atkinson, J. W. (1974). The mainstream of achievement – oriented activity. In J. W. Atkinson & J.O. Raynor (Eds.), Motivation and achievement (pp. 13- 41). New York: Halstead.
4. Ávila-Moreno, F. M., Chirosa-Ríos, L. J., Ureña-Espá, A., Lozano-Jarque, D., & Ulloa-Díaz, D. (2018). Evaluation of tactical performance in invasion team sports: A systematic review. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 18(2), 195–216.
5. Batista, J., Goncalves, B., Sampaio, J., Castro, J., Abade, E., &Travassos, B. (2019). The influence of coaches’ instruction on technical actions, tactical behavior, and external workload in football small-sided games. Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 8(1), 29.
6. Bloom, B.S (1985) developing Talent in young people. New York: Ballantine Books. Bradley PS, Vescovi JD. Velocity thresholds for women’s soccer matches: sex specificity dictates high-speed-running and sprinting thresholds—Female Athletes Motion (FAiM). Inter J Sports Physiol Perform. 2015;10(1):112-6. 66
7. Conceptualization of sport-confidence and competitive orientation: Preliminary investigation and instrumentation development. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 8, 221 – 246. Wang, J., Marchant, T., & Morris, D. (2004).
8. Coping style and susceptibility to choking. Journal of Sport Behavior, 27, 75 – 92. Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Carver et al., 1989; Crocker et al., 1998; Yoo, 2001.
9. Coutinho, D., Santos, S., Gonçalves, B., Travassos, B., Wong, D. P., Schöllhorn, W., &Sampaio, J. (2018). The effects of an enrichment training program for youth football attackers. PLoS One, 13(6), e0199008.
10. Crocker, P.R.E., & Isaak, K. (in press). Coping during competitions and training sessions: are youth swimmers consistent? International Journal of Sport Psychology. Crocker, P.R.E., (1992). Managing stress by competitive athletes: ways of coping. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 23,161 -175.
11. Dale, G. (2000). Distractions and coping strategies of elite decathletes during their most memorable performances. The Sports Psychologist, 14, 17-41.
12. E. Asghar (2011). A comparative study of multidimensional talent in field hockey at development stage between the players of Germany and Pakistan.
13. Thesis Emran, M. A., Morshed, T., Hasan, M. I., Emran, M., Atiquzzaman, M., Ahmed, S. M., & amp; Ferdous, M. Z. (2020). Factors Associated with Osteoarthritis of the Knee in Former Professional Male Footballers in Bangladesh. KYAMC Journal, 11(3), 141-144.
14. Folgado, H., Bravo, J., Pereira, P., & amp; Sampaio, J. (2019a). Towards the use of multidimensional performance indicators in football small-sided games: The effects of pitch orientation. Journal of Sports Sciences, 37(9), 1064–1071.
15. Gould, D. (2005). Goal setting for peak performance. In J. Williams (Eds.), Applied sport psychology: Personal growth to peak performance (5th ed., pp. 240- 259). Palo Alto, CA: Mayfield.
16. Gucciardi, D. F., Stamatis, A., & Ntoumanis, N. (2017a). Controlling coaching and athlete thriving in elite adolescent netballers: The buffering effect of athletes’ mental toughness. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 20(8), 718-722.
17. Gulliver A, Griffiths KM, Mackinnon A, et al. The mental health of Australian elite athletes. J Sci Med Sport. 2015;18(3):255–61
18. Hamer M, Stamatakis E, Steptoe A. Dose-response relationship between physical activity and mental health: the Scottish Health Survey. Br J Sports Med. 2009;43(14):1111–4.
19. Hanton S, Fletcher D, Coughlan G. Stress in elite sport performers: a comparative study of competitive and organizational stressors. J Sports Sci. 2005;23(10):1129–41.
20. Hardy, L., Jones, G., & Gould, D. (1996). Understanding psychological preparation for sport: Theory and practice for elite performers. Chichester, UK: Wiley.
21. Hughes L, Leavey G. Setting the bar: athletes and vulnerability to mental illness. Br J Psychiatry. 2012;200(2):95–6.
22. Jones, J.G., Hanton, S., &Connaughton D. (2002). What is the thing called mental toughness? An investigation of elite performers. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 14, 205-218.
23. Jones, J.G., Hanton, S., &Connaughton D. (2007). A framework of mental toughness in the world’s best performers. The Sport Psychologist, 21, 243-264.
24. Kaewsaeng-on, R., Kane, K. J., &Vundla, S. (2015). Talent-its application to the Thai hospitality industry. International Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology, 6(6), 367.
25. Kim, M.S., & Duda, J. (2003). the coping process: Cognitive appraisals of stress, coping strategies, and coping effectiveness. The Sport Psychologist, 17, 406- 425.
26. Kumar, V. (2019). Development of a practical model for coaches to use mental skills training to enhance psychological strengths for athletes (Doctoral dissertation, ACU Research Bank).
27. Lazarus RS. How emotions influence performance in competitive sports. Sport Psychol. 2000;14(3):229.
28. Lazarus, R.S., & Folk man, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal and coping. New York: Springer- Verlag.
29. Locke, E.A., Shaw, K.N., Saari, L.M., & Latham, G.P. (1981). Goal setting and task performance. Psychological Bulletin, 90, 125 - 152.
30. McGrath, J.E. (1970). Major methodical issues. In J.E. McGrath (Ed.), Social and psychological factors in stress (pp. 19-49). New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
31. Murray, H.A. (1938). Explorations in personality. New York: Oxford University press. Mustafovic, E., Causevic, D., Covic, N., Ibrahimovic, M., Alic, H., Abazovic, E.,
32. &Masic, S. (2020). Talent Identification in Youth Football: A Systematic Review. Journal of Anthropology of Sport and Physical Education, 4(4), 37- 43.
33. Nicholls, A. R., Holt, N. L., Polman, R. C. J., & James, D. W. G. (2005b). Stress, coping, and coping effectiveness among international adolescent golfers. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 17, 333 – 340.
34. Noblet AJ, Gifford SM. The sources of stress experienced by professional Australian footballers. J Appl Sport Psychol. 2002;14(1):1–13.
35. Parekh, S. M., Fernandes, G. S., Moses, J. P., Fuller, C. W., Scammell, B. E., Batt, M. E., ... & Doherty, M. (2021). Risk factors for knee osteoarthritis in retired professional
36. footballers: a cross-sectional study. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 31(3), 281. Psychological Reports, 1992, 70, 407-450. #151 NEEDS (MURRAY, 1938) AND STATE-VARIABLES (SKINNER, 1938)
37. Reardon CL, Factor RM. Sport psychiatry: a systematic review of diagnosis and medical treatment of mental illness in athletes. Sports Med. 2010;40(11):961–80.
38. Rosario, M., Shinn, M., Morch, H., & Huckabee, C.B. (1988). Gender differences in coping and social support: Testing socialisation and role constraint theories. Journal of Community Psychology, 16, 55 – 69.
39. Smith, R. E., Schutz, R. W., Smoll, F. L., & Ptacek, J. T. (1995). Development and validation of a multidimensional measure of sport-specific psychological skills: The Athletic Coping Skills Inventory-28. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 17, 379 – 398.
40. Tamres, L. K., Janicki, D., & Helgeson, V. S. (2002). Sex differences in coping behaviour: A meta-analytic review and an examination of relative coping. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 6, 2 – 30. Vealey, R. S. (1986).
41. Ulrich, D., Younger, J., Brockbank, W., & Ulrich, M. (2012). HR talent and the new HR competencies. Strategic HR Review.
42. Vealey, R. S., Low, W., Pierce, S., & Quinones-Paredes, D. (2014). Choking in sport: ACT on it! Journal of Sport Psychology in Action, 5(3), 156-169.
43. Vescovi, J. D., &Jovanović, M. (2021). Sprint Mechanical Characteristics of Female Soccer Players: A Retrospective Pilot Study to Examine a Novel Approach for Correction of Timing Gate Starts. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 3, 112.
44. Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affects: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1063 – 1070.
45. Wolanin A, Gross M, Hong E. Depression in athletes: prevalence and risk factors. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2015;14(1):56–60.
46. Roy, N., Tanveer, M., & Liu, Y. H. (2022). Stress and coping strategies for international students in China during COVID-19 pandemic. International Research Journal of Education and Innovation, 3(1), 1-12.
47. Tanveer, M., Hohmann, A., Roy, N., Zeba, A., Tanveer, U., & Siener, M. (2022). The current prevalence of underweight, overweight, and obesity associated with demographic factors among Pakistan school-aged children and adolescents—An empirical cross-sectional study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(18), 11619.
48. Tanveer, M., Tanveer, U., Afzal, M., Rana, N., Nagra, R., Anjum, W., & Haseeb, M. (2022). Community-Level Factors Associated with Body Mass Index Among Pakistani School-Aged Adolescents. Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences, 16(09), 463-463.
49. Tanveer, M., Tanveer, U., Tanveer, N., Roy, N., Zeba, A., & Razzaq, F. A. (2022). Parental health attitudes and knowledge factors associated with body mass index among Pakistani school-aged adolescents. Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences, 16(09), 479-479.
50. Tanveer, M., Tanveer, U., Zeba, A., & Siener, M. (2024). PREVALENCE OF BODY MASS INDEX AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH INTERPERSONAL FAMILY-LEVEL FACTORS AMONG SCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS IN PAKISTAN. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(2), 2365-2376.
51. Tanveer, M., Roy, N., Zeba, A., Haider, S., Albarha, N. S., Tanveer, N., ... & Tanveer, U. (2022). Prevalence of Body Mass Index and Associated with Demographic Factors among Pakistan School-Aged Adolescents. Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences, 16(06), 212-212.
52. Tanveer, M., Asghar, E., Tanveer, U., Roy, N., Zeba, A., Khan, M. Z. H., ... & Razzaq, F. A. (2024). INTRAPERSONAL LEVEL UNHEALTHY BEHAVIORS (SMOKING, DRINKING ALCOHOL, AND TOBACCO USE) AND THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH BODY MASS INDEX AMONG SCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS IN PAKISTAN. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(3), 50-62.
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Mar 18, 2024
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Tasawar Aziz, Dr Basit Ansari, Dr Ejaz Asghar, Dr Summaiya Malik Zaman, & Moazzam Tanveer. (2024). A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PSYCHOLOGICAL COPING STRATEGIES AMONG FOOTBALL PLAYERS. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(3), 962-975. https://doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v31i3.5045
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Author Biographies
Tasawar Aziz
Department of Health Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 74200 Pakistan
Dr Basit Ansari
Department of Health Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 74200 Pakistan
Dr Ejaz Asghar
Head faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Health Services Academy, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan, Pakistan
Dr Summaiya Malik Zaman
Isra University Islamabad Campus, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
Moazzam Tanveer
School of Physical Education and Sport Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
How to Cite
Tasawar Aziz, Dr Basit Ansari, Dr Ejaz Asghar, Dr Summaiya Malik Zaman, & Moazzam Tanveer. (2024). A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PSYCHOLOGICAL COPING STRATEGIES AMONG FOOTBALL PLAYERS. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(3), 962-975. https://doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v31i3.5045