BISPECIFIC ANTIBODIES IN RELAPSED REFRACTORY MULTIPLE MYELOMA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF EFFICACY AND SAFETY IN PHASE I/II/III CLINICAL TRIAL
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Keywords
bispecific antibodies, multiple myeloma, clinical trials, relapsed refractory, immunosuppressive microenvironment
Abstract
This study comprehensively evaluates the efficacy and safety of bispecific antibodies (BiAbs). While in the treatment of relapsed refractory, multiple myeloma (RRMM) through an analysis of clinical trials of Phase I, Phase II, and Phase III. Despite significant progress with established therapies, the challenges of RRMM persist. Also, it necessitates innovative approaches. BiAbs, with their unique capacity to engage dual antigens, show promise in overcoming the complexities of MM. Moreover, it also overcomes immunosuppressive microenvironment. The current study elucidates the key mechanisms of action, including T-cell activation. It covers the induction of tumor cell apoptosis, highlighting the transformative potential of BiAbs. While comparing with established therapies, such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapies and anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies. That situates BiAbs within the evolving MM treatment landscape. Thud encourages outcomes from ongoing trials demonstrate deep responses with a favorable safety profile. And its positioning BiAbs as a pivotal addition to RRMM therapeutics. Hence, the synthesis of Phase I-III trial findings provides valuable insights, guiding future research towards optimizing efficacy and safety. it ultimately enhances patient outcomes in the challenging realm of relapsed refractory multiple myeloma.
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Syed Ahsan Ali Shah
House Officer, Paeds Department, Northwest General Hospital and Research Centre Peshawar, Pakistan.
Dr. Vanessa Owiredu
School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Ghana.
Abhijeet Kumar
Assistant Professor, General Medicine, RDJMMCH, Turki, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India.
Amgad Samir Abdelmageed Mohamed Elfeki
Internal Medicine Resident in Egyptian Board 3rd Year, Department of Internal Medicine, Graduated from Cairo University, Egypt
Ahmed Samir Abdelmageed Mohamed Elfiki
Internal Medicine Specialist and Resident in Egyptian Board 3rd Year, Department of Internal Medicine, Graduated from Cairo University, Master Degree Ain Shams University, Egypt.
Faryal Tariq
Deaprtment of Medicine, Fazaia Ruth Pfau Medical College, Pakistan.
Zacarius William Seit
Royal College Surgeons of Ireland
Shams Almallah
University Hospital Galway
Mohammad Alhajri
Royal College of Surgeons Ireland - Medical University of Bahrain