SEX DEPENDENT PHARMACOKINETICS AND BIOEQUIVALENCE - TIME FOR CHANGE

Main Article Content

Gideon Koren

Keywords

Pharmacokinetics, bioequivalence, absorption, intra-subject variability, adverse drug reactions, pregnancy

Abstract

Bioequivalence studies have historically been performed largely in young males and then extrapolated to be applicable to both sexes at any age. This tendency continues today, yet a number of studies have shown that drug pharmacokinetics can be significantly different in women than in men, even as regards intra-patient variability. Some of our assumptions when treating women may not be accurate if we base our decisions on information obtained from studies conducted in men. Furthermore, women can have various physiological states that can affect drug disposition, and one of the most significant is pregnancy.

Abstract 660 | PDF Downloads 308

References

1. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER). Guidance for industry. Bioavailability and bioequivalence studies for orally administered drug products- general considerations. Revision 1. Rockville, MD: U.S. Food and Drug Administration, March 2003. http://www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/.../Guidances/ucm070124.pdf. (June 9, 2013)
2. Koren G, Nordeng H, MacLeod S. Gender differences in drug bioequivalence: time to rethink practices. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2013;93(3):260-262. http://sgwhc.org/resources/journal-articles/gender-differences-in-drug-bioequivalence-time-to-rethink-practices/ (June 9, 2013)
3. Chen ML, Lee SC, Ng MJ, Schuirmann DJ, Lesko LJ, Williams RL. Pharmacokinetic analysis of bioequivalence trials: implications for sex-related issues in clinical pharmacology and biopharmaceutics. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2000;68(5):510-521.
4. Flores Pérez J, Juárez Olguín H, Flores Pérez C, Pérez Guillé G, Guillé Pérez A, Camacho Vieyra A, Toledo López A, Carrasco Portugal M, Lares Asseff I. Effects of gender and phase of the menstrual cycle on the kinetics of ranitidine in healthy volunteers. Chronobiol Int 2003;20(3):485-494.
5. Ashiru DA, Patel R, Basit AW. Polyethylene glycol 400 enhances the bioavailability of a BCS class III drug (ranitidine) in male subjects but not females. Pharm Res 2008;25(10):2327-2333.
6. Tran C, Knowles SR, Liu BA, Shear NH. Gender differences in adverse drug reactions. J Clin Pharmacol 1998;38(11):1003-1009.
7. Zopf Y, Rabe C, Neubert A, Hahn EG, Dormann H. Risk factors associated with adverse drug reactions following hospital admission: a prospective analysis of 907 patients in two German university hospitals. Drug Saf 2008;31(9):789-798.
8. Gray J. Why can't a woman be more like a man? Clin Pharmacol Ther 2007;82(1):15-17.
9. Aarnoudse AL, Dieleman JP, Stricker BH. Age- and gender-specific incidence of hospitalisation for digoxin intoxication. Drug Saf 2007;30(5):431-436.
10. United States General Accounting Office. Drug safety: most drugs withdrawn in recent years had greater health risks for women. GAO-01-286R Drugs Withdrawn From Market. January 19, 2001. http://www.gao.gov/assets/100/90642.pdf (June 15, 2013).
11. Soldin OP, Chung SH, Mattison DR. Sex differences in drug disposition. J Biomed Biotechnol. 2011;2011:187103. doi: 10.1155/2011/187103. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3051160/ (June 13, 2013)

Most read articles by the same author(s)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 > >>