Invasive species have a significant detrimental impact on the abundance of aquatic organisms, notably macrophytes, zooplankton, and fish

Main Article Content

Dr Abdur Rehman, Aneela Ilyas, Hamna Afzal, Dr Hassan Waheed, Dr Aqsa Mustaqeem, Dr. Kiran Rubbani, Dr Bilal Ahmad, Dr. Muhammad Farhan Nasir, Om Raj Devi Sonia, Kashif Lodhi

Keywords

Non-Native Species, Native Species, Invasive Species, Ecological Impacts, Aquatic Invasions.

Abstract

The entry of non-native species into ecosystems has profound impacts on the food chain, as these species often have different functions compared to the existing community members.


Aim: In this review, we aim to assess the consistency of ecological impacts caused by aquatic invasions diagonally different taxonomic group and habitats.


Methods: To achieve this, researchers have conducted very comprehensive meta-analysis using data from 159 journals, encompassing 805 cases. Our analysis covered a wide variety of invasive species, including primary producers, filter collectors, omnivores, and predators, as well as various resident aquatic community components such as macrophytes, phytoplankton, zooplankton, benthic invertebrates, and fish, across rivers, lakes, and estuaries. The current findings indicate very significant negative impact of invasive species on the abundance of aquatic communities, particularly affecting macrophytes, zooplankton, and fish. Interestingly, we did not find consistent evidence supporting a decline in species range in occupied habitats, signifying the potential time delay among quick deviations in abundance in addition the local extinctions.


Results: Invasive species have been observed to cause various changes in invaded habitats, including bigger water turbidity, nitrogen levels, and organic matter concentration. These alterations are linked to invaders' ability to transform habitats and promote eutrophication. The increase of invasive macrophytes had the most significant negative impact on fish abundance, while filter collectors, through their filtering activity, depleted planktonic communities. Omnivores, comprising both facultative and obligate herbivores, were responsible for the most substantial decline in macrophyte abundance, and the introduction of new predators had the greatest negative effect on benthic invertebrates. Those effects were consistently observed across different habitats and experimental approaches. Founded on the current findings, researchers suggest an agenda that outlines the positive and negative interactions between invasive species, occupying four trophic positions, and the five different components of recipient communities.


Conclusion: Our present study includes both direct biotic relationships like predation, rivalry, and grazing, in addition to secondary changes in water physicochemical conditions caused by the attackers, including habitat modification. Considering the significant trophic linkages that characterize aquatic environments, this concept is useful in predicting the wide-ranging effects of biological incursions on the foundation and functionality of those ecosystems.

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