EFFECT OF THYROID DYSFUNCTION ON HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS – A PROSPECTIVE CROSS-SECTIONAL ANALYSIS
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Keywords
Anemia, Hematological alterations, Hypothyroidism, Hyperthyroidism
Abstract
Introduction: Thyroid gland happens to be the largest endocrine gland in human body. Thyroid hormone(s) plays a key role in metabolism and development along with maturation of cells and tissues. These hormones play a cardinal role in relation to initiation of secretion of erythropoietin and proliferation erythroid progenitors. The common hematological manifestation in thyroid dysfunction is anemia.
Aim: To evaluate the hematological alterations affected in thyroid dysfunction.
Objectives: (1.) To analyse the hematological alterations in thyroid dysfunctions in relation to age and sex. (2.) To analyse the types of anemias in different thyroid dysfunctions.
Materials and Methods: It is a cross-sectional prospective study conducted in a tertiary care hospital from a period of September 2024 to November 2024. The individuals were classified into three different groups – Hypothyroid (n=60); Hyperthyroid (n=20); Euthyroid (n=60); with total of 140 individuals attending out-patient departments and are undergoing thyroid function tests with immunoassay technique. For all participants, Complete Blood Picture (CBP) with Peripheral smear has been performed with automated cell counter and manual technique using Leishman’s stain respectively. The slides were evaluated under microscope (100x) oil immersion. All findings were tabulated and statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel and R software.
Results: Thyroid dysfunction was observed more commonly in young adult age group between 31-40 years and is predominantly reported in females. There is remarkable depression in Hemoglobin, RBC, Hematocrit, MCV and MCH in hypothyroid group. RDW is raised and showed significant increase in both Hypo and hyperthyroid group of patients.
Conclusion: Thyroid dysfunctions never present with specific clinical features. Majority are asymptomatic and leave very non-specific impact over the hematological profile of these individuals. The spectrum of thyroid dysfunctions demand diverse hematological investigations to diagnose the hematological manifestations and alterations.
References
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N.Nusrath
Associate Professor, Dept. of General Medicine, Govt. Medical College, Nandyal
C.Sushma
Associate Professor, Dept. of Pathology, S.V.Medical College, Tirupati
U.Parameswari Babu
Assistant Professor, Dept. of Pathology, S.V.Medical College, Tirupati
Md Khader Faheem
Associate Professor, Dept. of Pathology, S.V.Medical College, Tirupati