“RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GLYCATED HEMOGLOBIN, NON-HDL CHOLESTEROL, HS-CRP AND FRUCTOSAMINE IN DIABETIC AND HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS"
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Keywords
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Non-HDL Cholesterol, Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c), High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP), Fructosamine, Dyslipidemia.
Abstract
Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder primarily characterized by elevated blood glucose levels. Many individuals with type 2 diabetes also develop dyslipidemia, marked by low HDL cholesterol and elevated levels of triglycerides (TG) and LDL cholesterol. The role of non-HDL cholesterol becomes even more crucial in these patients, as they often exhibit atherogenic dyslipidemia, with a combination of low HDL and high triglycerides, leading to an increased non-HDL cholesterol level compared to LDL cholesterol alone. Inflammation plays a key role in the development of coronary artery disease (CAD), with studies indicating that C-reactive protein (CRP) is actively involved in atherosclerosis. Furthermore, uncontrolled type 2 diabetes has been associated with increased CRP levels. Elevated fructosamine levels have also been linked to higher rates of CAD morbidity and mortality. This study aims to explore the relationship between glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), non-HDL cholesterol, hs-CRP, and fructosamine in both type 2 diabetes patients and healthy controls.
Materials and Methods: A case-control study was conducted at Index Medical College, Indore, involving 210 participants. This group consisted of 105 individuals with type 2 diabetes and 105 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. The participants were assessed for fasting blood sugar (FBS), HbA1c, fasting lipid profile, non-HDL cholesterol, hs-CRP, and fructosamine levels. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.
Results: The findings indicated that type 2 diabetes patients had significantly higher levels of FBS and HbA1c compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Additionally, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides were also significantly elevated in the diabetic group (p < 0.05). Moreover, levels of non-HDL cholesterol, hs-CRP, and fructosamine were substantially higher in the diabetes patients (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: This study confirms that HbA1c is strongly associated with increased levels of non-HDL cholesterol, hs-CRP, and fructosamine in individuals with type 2 diabetes. These findings suggest that non-HDL cholesterol, hs-CRP, and fructosamine are more reliable indicators of diabetic dyslipidemia and cardiovascular risk than LDL cholesterol alone.
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Pratik Phadake
Department of Biochemistry, Index Medical College and Hospital, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Jaya Jain
Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Index Medical College and Hospital, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Ashutosh Jain
Associate Professor, Department of Physiology, Index Medical College and Hospital, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Sanjay Dattatraya Bhalerao
Associate Professor, Department of Physiology, BGS Medical College & Hospital, Bangalore.