PHOSPHATE SOLUBILIZING BACTERIA AND ITS APPLICATION
Main Article Content
Keywords
Phosphate Solubilization Bacteria, High Pressure Liquid Chromatography, Biofertilizer, Heavy metal resistance, Plant growth promoting bacteria
Abstract
Phosphate solubilizing bacteria are PGPRs which are usually present in very less concentration in the soil (in ppm) but they have a very crucial role to be played in making the inorganic phosphate available in the organic form so that the plants can absorb it improve their growth and yield. This project includes comparison between qualitative and quantitative analysis of the phosphate solubilization of 4 strains- Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas fluorescens andRhizobia and checking which will produce the maximum improvement in the growth of plants as biofertilizers if applied. Qualitative and quantitative assays are performed in order to check which strain has best phosphate solubilizing ability among the above-mentioned bacteria. HPLC analysis for organic acid produced and the plant hormone synthesized by the bacteria were also performed. This gives a much clearer idea of the entire process of how these biofertilisers work. Further extension of the study is identifying the phosphate solubilizing bacterial strain that has the capacity to resist the heavy metal accumulation which was carried out by plate assay and microtitre plate.
References
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2. Agrawal, Toshy, Anil S. Kotasthane, and Renu Kushwah. 2014. “Genotypic and Phenotypic Diversity of Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) Producing Pseudomonas Putida Isolates of Chhattisgarh Region and Assessment of Its Phosphate Solubilizing Ability.” 3 Biotech 45–60. Retrieved (http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s13205-014-0198-9).
3. Ahemad, Munees. 2014a. “Mechanisms and Applications of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria : Current Perspective.” Journal of King Saud University - Science 26(1):1–20. Retrieved (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2013.05.001).
4. Ahemad, Munees. 2014b. “Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria-Assisted Phytoremediation of Metalliferous Soils: A Review.” 3 Biotech 111–21. Retrieved (http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s13205-014-0206-0).
5. Ahemad, Munees. 2014c. “Remediation of Metalliferous Soils through the Heavy Metal Resistant Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria: Paradigms and Prospects.” Arabian Journal of Chemistry. Retrieved (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878535214002688).
6. Anandan, Ramya, P. Rajendran, and Tamil Nadu. n.d. “Production of Indole Acetic Acid & Alginate from Azotobacter Vinelandii Isolated from Paddy Fields.”
7. Anon. 2005. “PHOSPHATE ASSAY (Chen.” (December).
8. Anon. n.d. “3 . MATERIALS AND METHODS.” 98–115.
9. Anzuay, María Soledad, Ornella Frola, Adriana Fabra, and Tania Taurian. 2013. “Genetic Diversity of Phosphate-Solubilizing Peanut ( Arachis Hypogaea L . ) Associated Bacteria and Mechanisms Involved in This Ability.” 143–54.
10. Ayyaz, Khadija, Ahmad Zaheer, Ghulam Rasul, and Muhammad Sajjad Mirza. 2016. “Isolation and Identification by 16S rRNA Sequence Analysis of Plant Growth-Promoting Azospirilla from the Rhizosphere of Wheat.” Brazilian Journal of Microbiology 1–9. Retrieved (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjm.2015.11.035).
11. Badawi, F. Sh F., A. M. M. Biomy, and A. H. Desoky. 2011. “Peanut Plant Growth and Yield as Influenced by Co-Inoculation with Bradyrhizobium and Some Rhizo-Microorganisms under Sandy Loam Soil Conditions.” Annals of Agricultural Sciences 56(1):17–25. Retrieved (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aoas.2011.05.005).
12. Bashan, Yoav. 1998. “Pll S0734-9750(98)00003-2 ELSEVIER.” 16(4):729–70.
13. Chen, Y. P. et al. 2006. “Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria from Subtropical Soil and Their Tricalcium Phosphate Solubilizing Abilities.” Applied Soil Ecology 34(1):33–41.
14. Chung, Heekyung et al. 2005. “Isolation and Characterization of Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria from the Rhizosphere of Crop Plants of Korea.” 37:1970–74.
15. Dey, R. Ã., K. K. Pal, D. M. Bhatt, and S. M. Chauhan. 2004. “Growth Promotion and Yield Enhancement of Peanut ( Arachis Hypogaea L .) by Application of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria.” 159.
16. Duffy, Brion, Jerzy Nowak, and Christophe Cle. 2005. “MINIREVIEW Use of Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria for Biocontrol of Plant Diseases : Principles , Mechanisms of Action , and Future Prospects.” 71(9):4951–59.
17. Fernández, Leticia Andrea, Pablo Zalba, Marisa Anahí Gómez, and Marcelo Antonio Sagardoy. 2007. “Phosphate-Solubilization Activity of Bacterial Strains in Soil and Their Effect on Soybean Growth under Greenhouse Conditions.” Biology and Fertility of Soils 43(6):805–9.
18. De Freitas, J. R., M. R. Banerjee, and J. J. Germida. 1997. “Phosphate-Solubilizing Rhizobacteria Enhance the Growth and Yield but Not Phosphorus Uptake of Canola (Brassica Napus L.).” Biology and Fertility of Soils 24(4):358–64.
19. Gholami, A., S. Shahsavani, and S. Nezarat. 2009. “The Effect of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ( PGPR ) on Germination , Seedling Growth and Yield of Maize.” 3(1):9–14.
20. Gupta, Abhishek, Jean Marie Meyer, and Reeta Goel. 2002. “Development of Heavy Metal-Resistant Mutants of Phosphate Solubilizing Pseudomonas Sp. NBRI 4014 and Their Characterization.” Current Microbiology 45(5):323–27.
21. Illmer, P. and F. Schinner. n.d. “SOLUBILIZATION OF INORGANIC CALCIUM MECHANISMS.”
22. Kang, Sang-mo et al. 2014. “Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Reduce Adverse Effects of Salinity and Osmotic Stress by Regulating Phytohormones and Antioxidants in Cucumis Sativus.” 9145(December 2015).
23. Khan, Saghir, Almas Zaidi, and Ees Ahmad. n.d. Mechanism of Phosphate Solubilization and Physiological Functions of Phosphate-Solubilizing Microorganisms.
24. Kumar, R Senthil, and A Panneerselvam. 2012. “Studies on the Effect of Different Native Strains of Azospirillum on Paddy (Oryza Sativa L.).” Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology RESEARCH 2(6): 888–93. http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&btnG=Search&q=intitle:Studies+on+the+effect+of+different+native+strains+of+Azospirillum+on+paddy+(+Oryza+sativa+L+.)#0.
25. Ma, Ying et al. 2015. “The Hyperaccumulator Sedum Plumbizincicola Harbors Metal-Resistant Endophytic Bacteria That Improve Its Phytoextraction Capacity in Multi-Metal Contaminated Soil.” Journal of Environmental Management 156:62–69.
26. Maitra, Santanu and Pranab Kumar Banerjee. 2015. “Original Research Article Estimation of Plant Growth Promoting Potential of a Nickel Accumulating Isolate Obtained from Dhapa Industrial Wasteland ( Kolkata , India ) Soil on Indian Yellow Mustard ( Brassica Hirta ).” 4(1):765–72.
27. Malik, Asmat Ullah, Abdul Latif Malghani, and Fiaz Hussain. 2012. “Growth and Yield Response of Wheat ( Triticum Aestivum L .) to Phosphobacterial Inoculation 1.” 38(1):11–13.
28. Mukherjee, Tanoy, Avijit Ghosh, and Santanu Maitra. 2014. “Estimation of Plant Growth Promoting Potential of Two Nickel Accumulating Morphotypes Isolated from River Hooghly on Indian Yellow Mustard (Brassica Hirta).” International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 2(4): 413–19. http://www.nepjol.info/index.php/IJASBT/article/view/11107.
29. Narendra Babu, Anupama, Sudisha Jogaiah, Shin ichi Ito, AmrutheshKestur Nagaraj, and Lam Son Phan Tran. 2015. “Improvement of Growth, Fruit Weight and Early Blight Disease Protection of Tomato Plants by Rhizosphere Bacteria Is Correlated with Their Beneficial Traits and Induced Biosynthesis of Antioxidant Peroxidase and Polyphenol Oxidase.” Plant Science 231:62–73. Retrieved (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2014.11.006).
30. Nautiyal, C. Shekhar. 1999. “An E ¤ Cient Microbiological Growth Medium for Screening Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganisms.” 170(436):265–70.
31. Noumavo, Pacôme A. et al. 2013. “Effect of Different Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria on Maize Seed Germination and Seedling Development.” 2013(May):1013–21.
32. Paul, Dipak and Sankar Narayan Sinha. 2015. “Isolation and Characterization of a Phosphate Solubilizing Heavy Metal Tolerant Bacterium from River Ganga, West Bengal, India.” Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology 37(6):651–57.
33. Puente, P. Vazquez G. Holguin M. E. and A. Lopez-cortes Y. Bashan. 2000. “Phosphate-Solubilizing Microorganisms Associated with the Rhizosphere of Mangroves in a Semiarid Coastal Lagoon.” 460–68.
34. Ranjitha, P. and E. S. Karthy. 2012. “Detection of Heavy Metal Resistance Bioluminescence Bacteria Using Microplate Bioassay Method.” Journal of environmental science & engineering 54(1):43–49. Retrieved (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23741856).
35. Rodriguez, Hilda, Tania Gonzalez, Isabel Goire, and Yoav Bashan. 2004. “Gluconic Acid Production and Phosphate Solubilization by the Plant Growth-Promoting Bacterium Azospirillum Spp.” Naturwissenschaften 91(11):552–55.
36. Saharan, B. S. and V. Nehra. 2011. “Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria : A Critical Review.” 2011:1–30.
37. Scholar, Google, Global Impact Factor, Index Copernicus, and Open Access Journals. 2014. “A Rapid Publishing Journal Available Online at : ESTIMATION OF PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING POTENTIAL OF TWO NICKEL ACCUMULATING ISOLATES OBTAINED FROM RIVER HOOGHLY ON INDIAN.” 2:413–19.
38. Sharma, Seema B., Riyaz Z. Sayyed, Mrugesh H. Trivedi, and Thivakaran A. Gobi. 2013. “Phosphate Solubilizing Microbes : Sustainable Approach for Managing Phosphorus Deficiency in Agricultural Soils.” 2(1):1.
39. Sharma, Sonam, Vijay Kumar, and Ram Babu Tripathi. 2011. “Isolation of Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganism ( PSMs ) From Soil.” 1(2):90–95.
40. Sharma, Surbhi et al. 2006. “Role of Proteins in Resistance Mechanism of Pseudomonas Fluorescens against Heavy Metal Induced Stress with Proteomics Approach.” Journal of Biotechnology 126(3):374–82.
41. Sharma, Tarun, and Nishant Rai. 2015. “Isolation of Plant Hormone ( Indole-3-Acetic Acid ) Producing Rhizobacteria and Study on Their Effects on Tomato ( Lycopersicum Esculentum ) Seedling.” 7(1): 99–107.
42. Singh, Ratan, Bhawana Pathak, and M. H. Fulekar. 2015. “Characterization of PGP Traits by Heavy Metals Tolerant Pseudomonas Putida and Bacillus Safensis Strain Isolated from Rhizospheric Zone of Weed ( Phyllanthus Urinaria ) and Its Efficiency in Cd and Pb Removal.” 4(7):954–75.
43. Song, June-seob, Buddhi Charana Walpola, Doug-young Chung, and Min-ho Yoon. 2012. “Heavy Metal Resistant Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria.” 45(5):817–21.
44. Tahir, Muhammad and MS Mirza. 2013. “Isolation and Identification of Phosphate solubilizer’Azospirillum, Bacillus' and'Enterobacter'strains by 16SrRNA Sequence Analysis and Their Effect on Growth of Wheat.” … Journal of Crop … 7(9):1284–92. Retrieved (http://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=619865610861415;res=IELHSS).
45. Teitzel, G. M. and M. R. Parsek. 2003. “Heavy Metal Resistance of Biofilm and Planktonic Pseudomonas Aeruginosa.” Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69(4):2313–20.
46. Turan, Metin et al. 2014. “Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Improved Growth, Nutrient, and Hormone Content of Cabbage (Brassica Oleracea) Seedlings.” Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 38(3): 327–33.
47. Wakelin, Steven A., Rosemary A. Warren, Paul R. Harvey, and Maarten H. Ryder. 2004. “Phosphate Solubilization by Penicillium Spp. Closely Associated with Wheat Roots.” Biology and Fertility of Soils 40(1):36–43.
2. Agrawal, Toshy, Anil S. Kotasthane, and Renu Kushwah. 2014. “Genotypic and Phenotypic Diversity of Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) Producing Pseudomonas Putida Isolates of Chhattisgarh Region and Assessment of Its Phosphate Solubilizing Ability.” 3 Biotech 45–60. Retrieved (http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s13205-014-0198-9).
3. Ahemad, Munees. 2014a. “Mechanisms and Applications of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria : Current Perspective.” Journal of King Saud University - Science 26(1):1–20. Retrieved (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2013.05.001).
4. Ahemad, Munees. 2014b. “Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria-Assisted Phytoremediation of Metalliferous Soils: A Review.” 3 Biotech 111–21. Retrieved (http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s13205-014-0206-0).
5. Ahemad, Munees. 2014c. “Remediation of Metalliferous Soils through the Heavy Metal Resistant Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria: Paradigms and Prospects.” Arabian Journal of Chemistry. Retrieved (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878535214002688).
6. Anandan, Ramya, P. Rajendran, and Tamil Nadu. n.d. “Production of Indole Acetic Acid & Alginate from Azotobacter Vinelandii Isolated from Paddy Fields.”
7. Anon. 2005. “PHOSPHATE ASSAY (Chen.” (December).
8. Anon. n.d. “3 . MATERIALS AND METHODS.” 98–115.
9. Anzuay, María Soledad, Ornella Frola, Adriana Fabra, and Tania Taurian. 2013. “Genetic Diversity of Phosphate-Solubilizing Peanut ( Arachis Hypogaea L . ) Associated Bacteria and Mechanisms Involved in This Ability.” 143–54.
10. Ayyaz, Khadija, Ahmad Zaheer, Ghulam Rasul, and Muhammad Sajjad Mirza. 2016. “Isolation and Identification by 16S rRNA Sequence Analysis of Plant Growth-Promoting Azospirilla from the Rhizosphere of Wheat.” Brazilian Journal of Microbiology 1–9. Retrieved (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjm.2015.11.035).
11. Badawi, F. Sh F., A. M. M. Biomy, and A. H. Desoky. 2011. “Peanut Plant Growth and Yield as Influenced by Co-Inoculation with Bradyrhizobium and Some Rhizo-Microorganisms under Sandy Loam Soil Conditions.” Annals of Agricultural Sciences 56(1):17–25. Retrieved (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aoas.2011.05.005).
12. Bashan, Yoav. 1998. “Pll S0734-9750(98)00003-2 ELSEVIER.” 16(4):729–70.
13. Chen, Y. P. et al. 2006. “Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria from Subtropical Soil and Their Tricalcium Phosphate Solubilizing Abilities.” Applied Soil Ecology 34(1):33–41.
14. Chung, Heekyung et al. 2005. “Isolation and Characterization of Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria from the Rhizosphere of Crop Plants of Korea.” 37:1970–74.
15. Dey, R. Ã., K. K. Pal, D. M. Bhatt, and S. M. Chauhan. 2004. “Growth Promotion and Yield Enhancement of Peanut ( Arachis Hypogaea L .) by Application of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria.” 159.
16. Duffy, Brion, Jerzy Nowak, and Christophe Cle. 2005. “MINIREVIEW Use of Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria for Biocontrol of Plant Diseases : Principles , Mechanisms of Action , and Future Prospects.” 71(9):4951–59.
17. Fernández, Leticia Andrea, Pablo Zalba, Marisa Anahí Gómez, and Marcelo Antonio Sagardoy. 2007. “Phosphate-Solubilization Activity of Bacterial Strains in Soil and Their Effect on Soybean Growth under Greenhouse Conditions.” Biology and Fertility of Soils 43(6):805–9.
18. De Freitas, J. R., M. R. Banerjee, and J. J. Germida. 1997. “Phosphate-Solubilizing Rhizobacteria Enhance the Growth and Yield but Not Phosphorus Uptake of Canola (Brassica Napus L.).” Biology and Fertility of Soils 24(4):358–64.
19. Gholami, A., S. Shahsavani, and S. Nezarat. 2009. “The Effect of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ( PGPR ) on Germination , Seedling Growth and Yield of Maize.” 3(1):9–14.
20. Gupta, Abhishek, Jean Marie Meyer, and Reeta Goel. 2002. “Development of Heavy Metal-Resistant Mutants of Phosphate Solubilizing Pseudomonas Sp. NBRI 4014 and Their Characterization.” Current Microbiology 45(5):323–27.
21. Illmer, P. and F. Schinner. n.d. “SOLUBILIZATION OF INORGANIC CALCIUM MECHANISMS.”
22. Kang, Sang-mo et al. 2014. “Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Reduce Adverse Effects of Salinity and Osmotic Stress by Regulating Phytohormones and Antioxidants in Cucumis Sativus.” 9145(December 2015).
23. Khan, Saghir, Almas Zaidi, and Ees Ahmad. n.d. Mechanism of Phosphate Solubilization and Physiological Functions of Phosphate-Solubilizing Microorganisms.
24. Kumar, R Senthil, and A Panneerselvam. 2012. “Studies on the Effect of Different Native Strains of Azospirillum on Paddy (Oryza Sativa L.).” Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology RESEARCH 2(6): 888–93. http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&btnG=Search&q=intitle:Studies+on+the+effect+of+different+native+strains+of+Azospirillum+on+paddy+(+Oryza+sativa+L+.)#0.
25. Ma, Ying et al. 2015. “The Hyperaccumulator Sedum Plumbizincicola Harbors Metal-Resistant Endophytic Bacteria That Improve Its Phytoextraction Capacity in Multi-Metal Contaminated Soil.” Journal of Environmental Management 156:62–69.
26. Maitra, Santanu and Pranab Kumar Banerjee. 2015. “Original Research Article Estimation of Plant Growth Promoting Potential of a Nickel Accumulating Isolate Obtained from Dhapa Industrial Wasteland ( Kolkata , India ) Soil on Indian Yellow Mustard ( Brassica Hirta ).” 4(1):765–72.
27. Malik, Asmat Ullah, Abdul Latif Malghani, and Fiaz Hussain. 2012. “Growth and Yield Response of Wheat ( Triticum Aestivum L .) to Phosphobacterial Inoculation 1.” 38(1):11–13.
28. Mukherjee, Tanoy, Avijit Ghosh, and Santanu Maitra. 2014. “Estimation of Plant Growth Promoting Potential of Two Nickel Accumulating Morphotypes Isolated from River Hooghly on Indian Yellow Mustard (Brassica Hirta).” International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 2(4): 413–19. http://www.nepjol.info/index.php/IJASBT/article/view/11107.
29. Narendra Babu, Anupama, Sudisha Jogaiah, Shin ichi Ito, AmrutheshKestur Nagaraj, and Lam Son Phan Tran. 2015. “Improvement of Growth, Fruit Weight and Early Blight Disease Protection of Tomato Plants by Rhizosphere Bacteria Is Correlated with Their Beneficial Traits and Induced Biosynthesis of Antioxidant Peroxidase and Polyphenol Oxidase.” Plant Science 231:62–73. Retrieved (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2014.11.006).
30. Nautiyal, C. Shekhar. 1999. “An E ¤ Cient Microbiological Growth Medium for Screening Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganisms.” 170(436):265–70.
31. Noumavo, Pacôme A. et al. 2013. “Effect of Different Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria on Maize Seed Germination and Seedling Development.” 2013(May):1013–21.
32. Paul, Dipak and Sankar Narayan Sinha. 2015. “Isolation and Characterization of a Phosphate Solubilizing Heavy Metal Tolerant Bacterium from River Ganga, West Bengal, India.” Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology 37(6):651–57.
33. Puente, P. Vazquez G. Holguin M. E. and A. Lopez-cortes Y. Bashan. 2000. “Phosphate-Solubilizing Microorganisms Associated with the Rhizosphere of Mangroves in a Semiarid Coastal Lagoon.” 460–68.
34. Ranjitha, P. and E. S. Karthy. 2012. “Detection of Heavy Metal Resistance Bioluminescence Bacteria Using Microplate Bioassay Method.” Journal of environmental science & engineering 54(1):43–49. Retrieved (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23741856).
35. Rodriguez, Hilda, Tania Gonzalez, Isabel Goire, and Yoav Bashan. 2004. “Gluconic Acid Production and Phosphate Solubilization by the Plant Growth-Promoting Bacterium Azospirillum Spp.” Naturwissenschaften 91(11):552–55.
36. Saharan, B. S. and V. Nehra. 2011. “Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria : A Critical Review.” 2011:1–30.
37. Scholar, Google, Global Impact Factor, Index Copernicus, and Open Access Journals. 2014. “A Rapid Publishing Journal Available Online at : ESTIMATION OF PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING POTENTIAL OF TWO NICKEL ACCUMULATING ISOLATES OBTAINED FROM RIVER HOOGHLY ON INDIAN.” 2:413–19.
38. Sharma, Seema B., Riyaz Z. Sayyed, Mrugesh H. Trivedi, and Thivakaran A. Gobi. 2013. “Phosphate Solubilizing Microbes : Sustainable Approach for Managing Phosphorus Deficiency in Agricultural Soils.” 2(1):1.
39. Sharma, Sonam, Vijay Kumar, and Ram Babu Tripathi. 2011. “Isolation of Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganism ( PSMs ) From Soil.” 1(2):90–95.
40. Sharma, Surbhi et al. 2006. “Role of Proteins in Resistance Mechanism of Pseudomonas Fluorescens against Heavy Metal Induced Stress with Proteomics Approach.” Journal of Biotechnology 126(3):374–82.
41. Sharma, Tarun, and Nishant Rai. 2015. “Isolation of Plant Hormone ( Indole-3-Acetic Acid ) Producing Rhizobacteria and Study on Their Effects on Tomato ( Lycopersicum Esculentum ) Seedling.” 7(1): 99–107.
42. Singh, Ratan, Bhawana Pathak, and M. H. Fulekar. 2015. “Characterization of PGP Traits by Heavy Metals Tolerant Pseudomonas Putida and Bacillus Safensis Strain Isolated from Rhizospheric Zone of Weed ( Phyllanthus Urinaria ) and Its Efficiency in Cd and Pb Removal.” 4(7):954–75.
43. Song, June-seob, Buddhi Charana Walpola, Doug-young Chung, and Min-ho Yoon. 2012. “Heavy Metal Resistant Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria.” 45(5):817–21.
44. Tahir, Muhammad and MS Mirza. 2013. “Isolation and Identification of Phosphate solubilizer’Azospirillum, Bacillus' and'Enterobacter'strains by 16SrRNA Sequence Analysis and Their Effect on Growth of Wheat.” … Journal of Crop … 7(9):1284–92. Retrieved (http://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=619865610861415;res=IELHSS).
45. Teitzel, G. M. and M. R. Parsek. 2003. “Heavy Metal Resistance of Biofilm and Planktonic Pseudomonas Aeruginosa.” Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69(4):2313–20.
46. Turan, Metin et al. 2014. “Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Improved Growth, Nutrient, and Hormone Content of Cabbage (Brassica Oleracea) Seedlings.” Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 38(3): 327–33.
47. Wakelin, Steven A., Rosemary A. Warren, Paul R. Harvey, and Maarten H. Ryder. 2004. “Phosphate Solubilization by Penicillium Spp. Closely Associated with Wheat Roots.” Biology and Fertility of Soils 40(1):36–43.
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Nov 30, 2024
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Saravanamoorthy Indrapriyadharshini, Sivashamugam Karthikeyan, & Chinnaswami Kannan. (2024). PHOSPHATE SOLUBILIZING BACTERIA AND ITS APPLICATION. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(11), 687-693. https://doi.org/10.53555/8825z689
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Author Biographies
Saravanamoorthy Indrapriyadharshini
Microbiologist, Directorate of Public Health, Chennai - 600 006.
Sivashamugam Karthikeyan
Associate professor, School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore - 632014.
Chinnaswami Kannan
Principal Scientist, Plant Pathology, Indian Institute of Rice research Hyderabad - 500059
How to Cite
Saravanamoorthy Indrapriyadharshini, Sivashamugam Karthikeyan, & Chinnaswami Kannan. (2024). PHOSPHATE SOLUBILIZING BACTERIA AND ITS APPLICATION. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(11), 687-693. https://doi.org/10.53555/8825z689