STUDY OF CYTOPATHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF RARE TUMORS ENCOUNTERED
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Keywords
Cytopathology, Fine-Needle Aspiration, Immunocytochemistry, Rare Tumors, Tertiary Care
Abstract
Background: Rare tumors, with an incidence of less than 6 per 100,000 persons annually, present unique diagnostic challenges in tertiary care settings. This study aimed to analyze the cytopathological features of rare tumors encountered focusing on their morphological patterns and diagnostic accuracy.
Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted over six months, analyzing 96 cases of rare tumors. Cytological specimens were collected using standard FNAC techniques and examined using May-Grünwald-Giemsa and Papanicolaou stains. Ancillary techniques including immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry, and molecular testing were employed when indicated, and cytological findings were correlated with histopathological diagnoses.
Results: The study revealed predominant involvement of the head and neck region (31.25%) followed by soft tissue (20.83%). Common tumor types included adenoid cystic carcinoma (15.63%), alveolar soft part sarcoma (10.42%), and granular cell tumors (8.33%). The majority of cases occurred in the 41-60 year age group (35.42%) with a slight female predominance (54.17%). The epithelioid pattern was the most common cytomorphological feature (37.5%). Diagnostic accuracy showed 82.29% true positive rates. Immunocytochemistry using S100, CD117, SMA, and specific cytokeratins was required in 52.08% of cases, while flow cytometry for rare lymphomas was needed in 20.83% of cases.
Conclusion: The study demonstrates the high diagnostic accuracy of cytopathological examination in rare tumors when supported by appropriate ancillary techniques. The findings emphasize the importance of systematic cytomorphological analysis and the crucial role of tertiary care centers in rare tumor diagnosis, contributing to improved patient outcomes through accurate and timely diagnosis.
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Dr. B.Krishnamoorthiadiga
Associate Professor, Dept. of Pathology. PESU Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Bengaluru.