EXPLORING THE MODERATING ROLE OF GENERAL SELF-EFFICACY IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CAREER MATURITY AND CAREER GOAL CLARITY AMONG POSTGRADUATE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Main Article Content
Keywords
Career Counseling, Career Goal Clarity, Career Maturity, General Self-Efficacy
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the relationship of career goal clarity in predicting career maturity among postgraduate students at public universities in Islamabad. In addition, it investigated the moderating effect of general self-efficacy in the causal relationship between career goal clarity and career maturity among these students. The study sample comprised 286 postgraduate students from social and natural sciences departments at two public universities in Islamabad. The Academic and Career Goal Clarity Scale was used as a tool to assess career goal clarity, while the Career Maturity Inventory-Revised and the General Self-Efficacy Scale were used to measure career maturity and general self-efficacy, respectively. The hypotheses were tested through t-tests, Pearson's r, bivariate linear regression, and moderation analysis using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS-XVIII). It was indicated that postgraduate students had similar average scores in career goal clarity and career maturity. A similar pattern was noted across different genders. The finding observed a moderate level of association between career maturity and clarity of career goals. The findings indicated that clarity in career goals is a significant predictor of career maturity, and general self-efficacy served as a catalyst in this relationship.
References
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31. Raziq, M. M., Borini, F. M., Malik, O. F., Ahmad, M., & Shabaz, M. (2018). Leadership styles, goal clarity, and project success: Evidence from project-based organizations in Pakistan. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 39(2), 309-323.
32. Rosdi, Talib, Wahab (2013). Self-Efficacy Career and the Career Maturity of Teenagers at the Exploration Stage. International Journal of Science and Research.
33. Savickas, M. L. (1984). Career maturity: The construct and its measurement. The Career Development Quarterly, 32(4), 222-231.
34. Savickas, M. (1990). The transition from school to work: A developmental perspective. The Career Development Quarterly, 4, 326-336.
35. Savickas, M. L. (1995). Constructivist counseling for career indecision. The Career Development Quarterly, 43(4), 363-373.
36. Schwarzer, R., & Jerusalem, M. (1995). Generalized Self-Efficacy scale. In J. Weinman, S. Wright, & M. Johnston, Measures in health psychology: A user’s portfolio. Causal and control beliefs (pp. 35-37). Windsor, UK: NFER-NELSON
37. Shafeeq, S., & Loona, M. I. (2017). Gender Difference In Cognitive Style And Career Decision Making Difficulties Of College Students. Pakistan Journal of Applied Social Sciences, 6(1), 119-130.
38. Singh, & Shukla. (2015). Relationship between career maturity and self-efficacy among male and female senior secondary students. MIER Journal of Educational Studies, Trends & Practices, 16.
39. Sirohi. (2013). Vocational guidance and career maturity among secondary school students: an Indian experience. 1st Annual International Interdisciplinary Conference.
40. Super, D. E. (1957). The psychology of career.-New York, Evanston: Harper & Row.
41. Super, D. E., & Knasel, E. G. (1981). Career development in adulthood: Some theoretical problems and a possible solution. British journal of guidance and counselling, 9(2), 194-201.
42. Stărică, E. C. (2012). Predictors for career indecision in adolescence. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 33, 168-172.
43. Talib, J. A., Salleh, A., Amat, S., Ghavifekr, S., & Ariff, A. M. (2013). Effect of career education module on career development of community college students. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance, 15(1), 37-55.
44. Tekke, M., & Ghani, M. F. A. (2013). Examining the level of career maturity among Asian foreign students in a public university: gender and academic achievement. Hope Journal of Research, 1(1), 100-121.
45. Themba, M. A. (2010). Career maturity across career stages in the South African military (Doctoral dissertation).
46. Thompson, A. S., Lindeman, R. H., Super, D. E., Jordaan, J. P., & Myers, R. A. (1981). Career development inventory (Vol. 1). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
47. Tucker, K. L., & Rudmann, J. L. (2006). Academic and career goal clarity scale. Unpublished
2. American Psychological Association. (2010). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association
3. Bahrinsyah, F. (2018, February). Career maturity of guidance and counseling students at the Yogyakarta State University. In 1st International Conference on Education Innovation (ICEI 2017). Atlantis Press.
4. Bandura, A. (1989). Regulation of cognitive processes through perceived self-efficacy. Developmental psychology, 25(5), 729.
5. Barnes, P.E., and D.J., Carter, 2002. “Assessing Student Career Maturity: Implications for School Counselors”. Unpublished monograph, University of Nebraska , Omaha.
6. Bhae, S. M. (2017). An analysis of career maturity among Korean youths using latent growth modeling. School Psychology International, 38(4), 434-449.
7. Bozgeyikli, H., Eroğlu, S. E., & Hamurcu, H. (2009). Career decision making self-efficacy, career maturity and socioeconomic status with Turkish youth. Georgian Electronic Scientific Journal: Education Science and Psychology, 1(14), 15-24.
8. Campbell, C. A., & Dahir, C. A. (1997). The national standards for school counseling programs (p. 17). Alexandria, VA: American School Counselor Association.
9. Chan, M. (2017). The importance of career clarity and proactive career behaviours in predicting positive student outcomes: evidence across two cohorts of secondary students in Singapore. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 37(4), 601-614.
10. Crites, J. (1971). The maturity of vocational attitudes in adolescence. The Career Development Quarterly, 20(1), 82-82.
11. Crites, J. O. (1976). A comprehensive model of career development in early adulthood. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 9(1), 105-118.
12. Crites, J. O. (1978). Career maturity inventory. Monterey, CA: CTB/McGraw-Hill.
13. Crites, J. O., & Savickas, M. L. (1995). Revised form attitude scale and competence test CMI sourcebook. Published by John O. Crites. Distributed by ISM Information Systems Management Inc., Careerware.
14. Gibbs, K. D., McGready, J., & Griffin, K. (2015). Career Development among American Biomedical Postdocs. CBE Life Sciences Education, 14(4), ar44. http://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.15-03-0075
15. Gillespie, J. E. (2001). The effect of a communities of practice intervention on career decision-making self-efficacy, locus of control, and career maturity. University of Georgia.
16. Government of Pakistan. (2009). National Education Policy. Islamabad: Ministry of Education
17. Gysbers, N. C., & Henderson, P. (2000). Developing and managing your school counseling program. American Association for Counseling and Development
18. Hood, A. B., & Johnson, R. W. (1991). Assessment in counseling: A guide to the use of psychological assessment procedures. American Association for Counseling.
19. Issac, S., & Michael, W. (1995). Handbook in research and evaluation: A collection of principles, methods, and strategies useful in the planning, design, and evaluation of studies in education and the behavioral sciences. San Diego, CA: Edits Pub. sourcebook.San Antonio,TX:Author.
20. Jawarneh, M. (2016). Career maturity among university students in Jordan: The case for social studies. Australian Journal of Career Development, 25(3), 110-116.
21. Kanwal, H., & Naqvi, I. (2016). Self-regulation and career decision making among undergraduate students. Pakistan Business Review, 18(2), 508-526.
22. Krumboltz, J. D. (1994). The career beliefs inventory. Journal of Counseling & Development, 72(4), 424-428.
23. Liu, Y., Peng, K.Z. and Wong, C.S. (2014), “Career maturity and job attainment: the moderating roles of emotional intelligence and social vocational interest”, International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance, Vol. 14, pp. 293-307.
24. Lokan, Jan. Career Development Inventory Australia: Manual. Consulting Psychologists Press, 1984.
25. Osipow, S. H., Doty, R. E., & Spokane, A. R. (1985). Occupational stress, strain, and coping across the life span. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 27(1), 98-108.
26. Ottu, & Idowu. (2014). Openess to experience, conscientiousness and gender as personality indicators of career maturity of in-school adolescents in Ibadan, Nigeria. European Journal of Educational Studies, 12.
27. Pasha, A. T., Hamid, K. A., & Shahzad, A. (2017). Moderating Effect of Self-Efficacy and Impact of Career Development Practices on Career Success Under the Mediating Role of Career Commitment in the insurance Sector of Pakistan. The Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, 22(1).
28. Phillips, S. D., & Blustein, D. L. (1994). Readiness for career choices: Planning, exploring, and deciding. The Career Development Quarterly, 43(1), 63-73.
29. Porter, M. F. (1999). Influence of a career exploratory curriculum on the career maturity of eighth-grade students. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Georgia.
30. Pothukuchi, B. R., Kumar, S. A., & Dash, M. (2014). A study of the impact of self-regulated learning on academic and career goal clarity among postgraduate women students of Bangalore.“. The IUP Journal of Soft Skills, 8(2), 39-48.
31. Raziq, M. M., Borini, F. M., Malik, O. F., Ahmad, M., & Shabaz, M. (2018). Leadership styles, goal clarity, and project success: Evidence from project-based organizations in Pakistan. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 39(2), 309-323.
32. Rosdi, Talib, Wahab (2013). Self-Efficacy Career and the Career Maturity of Teenagers at the Exploration Stage. International Journal of Science and Research.
33. Savickas, M. L. (1984). Career maturity: The construct and its measurement. The Career Development Quarterly, 32(4), 222-231.
34. Savickas, M. (1990). The transition from school to work: A developmental perspective. The Career Development Quarterly, 4, 326-336.
35. Savickas, M. L. (1995). Constructivist counseling for career indecision. The Career Development Quarterly, 43(4), 363-373.
36. Schwarzer, R., & Jerusalem, M. (1995). Generalized Self-Efficacy scale. In J. Weinman, S. Wright, & M. Johnston, Measures in health psychology: A user’s portfolio. Causal and control beliefs (pp. 35-37). Windsor, UK: NFER-NELSON
37. Shafeeq, S., & Loona, M. I. (2017). Gender Difference In Cognitive Style And Career Decision Making Difficulties Of College Students. Pakistan Journal of Applied Social Sciences, 6(1), 119-130.
38. Singh, & Shukla. (2015). Relationship between career maturity and self-efficacy among male and female senior secondary students. MIER Journal of Educational Studies, Trends & Practices, 16.
39. Sirohi. (2013). Vocational guidance and career maturity among secondary school students: an Indian experience. 1st Annual International Interdisciplinary Conference.
40. Super, D. E. (1957). The psychology of career.-New York, Evanston: Harper & Row.
41. Super, D. E., & Knasel, E. G. (1981). Career development in adulthood: Some theoretical problems and a possible solution. British journal of guidance and counselling, 9(2), 194-201.
42. Stărică, E. C. (2012). Predictors for career indecision in adolescence. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 33, 168-172.
43. Talib, J. A., Salleh, A., Amat, S., Ghavifekr, S., & Ariff, A. M. (2013). Effect of career education module on career development of community college students. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance, 15(1), 37-55.
44. Tekke, M., & Ghani, M. F. A. (2013). Examining the level of career maturity among Asian foreign students in a public university: gender and academic achievement. Hope Journal of Research, 1(1), 100-121.
45. Themba, M. A. (2010). Career maturity across career stages in the South African military (Doctoral dissertation).
46. Thompson, A. S., Lindeman, R. H., Super, D. E., Jordaan, J. P., & Myers, R. A. (1981). Career development inventory (Vol. 1). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
47. Tucker, K. L., & Rudmann, J. L. (2006). Academic and career goal clarity scale. Unpublished
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Sep 08, 2024
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How to Cite
Ziauddin, Ayesha Soomro, Marvi Panhwar, & Syeda Kainat Zaharah. (2024). EXPLORING THE MODERATING ROLE OF GENERAL SELF-EFFICACY IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CAREER MATURITY AND CAREER GOAL CLARITY AMONG POSTGRADUATE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(9), 3084-3097. https://doi.org/10.53555/ycwecq25
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Author Biographies
Ziauddin
Lecturer Sukkur IBA University,
Ayesha Soomro
MSCP scholar / student RIPHAH International University, Islamabad
Marvi Panhwar
Lecturer Department of Psychology, University of Sindh Jamshoro.
Syeda Kainat Zaharah
Behavioural therapist, Speech Rehabilitation services (SRS),
How to Cite
Ziauddin, Ayesha Soomro, Marvi Panhwar, & Syeda Kainat Zaharah. (2024). EXPLORING THE MODERATING ROLE OF GENERAL SELF-EFFICACY IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CAREER MATURITY AND CAREER GOAL CLARITY AMONG POSTGRADUATE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(9), 3084-3097. https://doi.org/10.53555/ycwecq25