OCCURRENCE AND DEMOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF LEISHMANIASIS FROM KP, PAKISTAN

Abstract

Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease caused by a protozoan parasite Leishmania that is transmitted to humans by the bite of sand fly. The vectors of Leishmania have two species i.e; Phlebotomus was in Old World and Lutzomyia were in New World. Leishmania were held to prevalent in 88 countries throughout the world. Leishmaniasis was one of the most ignored health difficulties in tropical and subtropical regions. Leishmanisis was expresses in complicated procedures as: Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL), Mucosal Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (MCL), Diffuse Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (L), and Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL). The global prevalence of Leishmaniasis was 12 million. In Pakistan the first main endemic of Leishmaniasis was reported from Quetta, Baluchistan in 1935 following a plain earthquake. Worldwide the prevalence of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis was increasing in children in the age of 15 years. Leishmaniasis infections were found in all ages and most commonly Cutaneous Leishmaniasis infected age groups were 10 to 40 years. In human part of the body site of lesion Leishmaniasis were found in neck, nose, hand, cheek, face, legs, arms and ears. The increases period were 2 to 8 weeks. Internationally, there were an estimated 1.5-2 million new cases and 70000 deaths each year, and 350 million people were at the risk of infection by the illness. From the current study of Leishmania in the eleven districts of KP from 2018-2020 concluded that the year wise district prevalence of Leishmanial patient of KP cases from 2018- 2020 showed high prevalence in Mardan and low prevalence in other districts. The data was also reported showed that males were more affected as compare to females. The age wise prevalence was highly reported in age group 1 to 24 years and low in 75 and above years old group. The sites    of lesion were highly reported on hands and low on other parts of the body.