ASSOCIATION BETWEEN LEFT ATRIAL APPENDAGE MORPHOLOGY AND LEFT ATRIAL APPENDAGE THROMBUS FORMATION IN PATIENTS WITH NON-RHEUMATIC ATRIAL FIBRILLATION BY 3D TRANSOESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
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Keywords
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Abstract
In patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), most thrombus forms in the left atrial appendage (LAA).1 However, the relation of LAA morphology with LAA thrombus is unknown. In this study we prospectively enrolled 60 patients who had non valvular atrial fibrillation. Transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE) was performed to assess LAA thrombus. LAA structure was assessed by 3-dimensional TEE. LAA volume and number of lobes were measured on reconstructed 3-dimensional images. Clinical characteristics and echocardiographic measures were compared to determine variables predicting LAA thrombus.
References
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2. Di Carlo A, Zaninelli A, Mori F, Consoli D, Bellino L, Baldereschi M, Sgherzi B, Gradia C, DʼAlfonso MG, Cattarinussi A, Pracucci G. Prevalence of atrial fibrillation subtypes in Italy and projections to 2060 for Italy and Europe. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 2020 Nov;68(11):2534-41.
3. Du H, Bi K, Xu L, Wang Y, Chen F, Xiong W. Analysis of risk factors for thrombosis of the left atrium/left atrial appendage in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Cardiovascular Journal of Africa. 2021 May 1;32(3):116-22.
4. Sonaglioni A, Lonati C, Rigamonti E, Vigano M, Nicolosi GL, Proietti M, Lombardo M, Harari S. CHA2DS2-VASc score stratifies mortality risk in heart failure patients aged 75 years and older with and without atrial fibrillation. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research. 2022 Jul;34(7):1707-20.
5. Kim HD, Cho DH, Kim MN, Hwang SH, Shim J, Choi JI, Kim YH, Park SM. Left atrial dysfunction, fibrosis and the risk of thromboembolism in patients with paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation. International Journal of Heart Failure. 2022 Jan;4(1):42.
6. Di Biase L, Burkhardt JD, Mohanty P, Sanchez J, Mohanty S, Horton R, Gallinghouse GJ, Bailey SM, Zagrodzky JD, Santangeli P, Hao S. Left atrial appendage: an underrecognized trigger site of atrial fibrillation. Circulation. 2010 Jul 13;122(2):109-18.
7. Deng B, Nie R, Qiu Q, Wei Y, Liu Y, Lv H, Zheng S, Wang J. 3D transesophageal echocardiography assists in evaluating the morphology, function, and presence of thrombi of left atrial appendage in patients with atrial fibrillation. Annals of Translational Medicine. 2021 May;9(10).
8. Bai W, Chen Z, Tang H, Wang H, Cheng W, Rao L. Assessment of the left atrial appendage structure and morphology: comparison of real-time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography and computed tomography. The international journal of cardiovascular imaging. 2017 May;33:623-33.
9. Dudziñska-Szczerba K, Kułakowski P, Michałowska I, Baran J. Association between left atrial appendage morphology and function and the risk of ischaemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation. Arrhythmia & Electrophysiology Review. 2022 Apr;11.