EXTRA-PULMONARY MANIFESTATIONS OF TUBERCULOSIS AMONG HIV PATIENTS-A CLINICAL STUDY
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Keywords
HIV, Tuberculosis, Extrapulmonary
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Compared to pneumocystis pneumonia, which is more common in western nations, tuberculosis is the most common opportunistic illness in India. The incidence of tuberculosis is thought to be higher in the HIV population than in the non-HIV population. According to WHO estimations, the incidence of tuberculosis is 16–27 times higher in the HIV population than in the non-HIV population. Despite being contacted by inhaling infected droplets, tuberculosis can cause illness in every organ system apart from the lungs, which are typically the location of the first infection. The number of EPTB (Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis) cases that have been documented has increased along with awareness of the burden of TB. With a focus on extra pulmonary symptoms, this study sought to describe clinical, demographic, epidemiological, and analytical data related to tuberculosis in HIV patients.
MATERIALD AND METHODS
This was a prospective observational study carried out on 50 patients above the age of 12 years infected with HIV-Tuberculosis presenting to the Department of Tuberculosis and Chest at a tertiary care center over a period of 2 years.
RESULTS
HIV-TB was more common between 21 years and 50 years, with a majority being males (68%). 54% had their CD4 levels in the range of 100-200/mm3. The mean CD4 was 178.6. A majority of (62%) patients had extra pulmonary tuberculosis. Cervical lymphadenopathy was the most common extrapulmonary site of involvement, which was present in 35.29% of patients. Followed by disseminated tuberculosis, which was present in 26.47% of patients.
CONCLUSION
TB has the ability to infect many organs, resulting in extra pulmonary manifestations in a majority of patients with HIV. There is a need for early diagnosis and treatment in this subset of vulnerable patients.
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Dr. Ravi Kumar P
Professor and HOD, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Siddaganga Medical College and Research Institute, Tumakuru, Karnataka, India
Dr. Harshith G N
Assistant Professor, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Siddaganga Medical College and Research Institute, Tumakuru, Karnataka, India