PREOPERATIVE RISK FACTORS AND THEIR IMPACT ON SURGICAL SITE INFECTION RATES IN ACUTE ABDOMINAL SURGERIES FOR TYPHOID ILEAL PERFORATION
Main Article Content
Keywords
Typhoid ileal perforation, surgical site infection, preoperative risk factors, emergency surgery, smoking, pre-existing infections
Abstract
Background: Typhoid ileal perforation (TIP) is a severe complication of typhoid fever, often necessitating urgent surgical intervention. Despite advances in surgical care, surgical site infections (SSIs) remain a significant concern in TIP surgeries, contributing to morbidity and prolonged hospital stays. Understanding preoperative risk factors that predispose patients to SSIs in this context is essential for improving outcomes.
Objective: This study aims to identify and analyze the impact of preoperative risk factors on SSI rates in patients undergoing acute abdominal surgeries for typhoid ileal perforation.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at People’s University of Medical & Health Sciences, Shaheed Benazirabad, over six months, involving 180 patients with confirmed TIP who underwent emergency surgery. Preoperative factors such as age, gender, nutritional status, comorbid conditions, and the presence of pre-existing infections were assessed. SSI diagnosis was confirmed through clinical and microbiological evaluations. Data were analyzed using chi-square and t-tests, and logistic regression was employed to identify significant predictors of SSIs.
Results: Out of 180 patients, the incidence of SSIs was significantly associated with smoking (p=0.045), emergency surgery (p=0.021), pre-existing infections (p=0.009), and surgery duration exceeding 2 hours (p=0.008). Pre-existing infections emerged as the strongest predictor of SSIs, with an odds ratio of 4.10 (p=0.001). Longer hospital stays, re-operations, and mortality were also notably higher among patients with SSIs.
Conclusion: Smoking, emergency surgery, and pre-existing infections are significant preoperative risk factors for SSIs in TIP surgeries. Addressing modifiable factors such as smoking cessation and managing infections prior to surgery could reduce SSI rates and improve patient outcomes.
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Dr. Shahida Baloch
MBBS, MS (General Surgery), Assistant Professor, Department of Surgery, Peoples University of Medical & Health Sciences for Women (PUMHSW), Nawabshah SBA
Dr. Syed Kashif Ali Shah
MBBS, MS (General Surgery), Associate Professor, Department of Surgery, Peoples University of Medical & Health Sciences for Women (PUMHSW) Nawabshah SBA
Dr Sajjad Hussain Qureshi
MBBS, MS (General Surgery), Assistant Professor, Department of Surgery, Peoples University of Medical & Health Sciences for Women (PUMHSW), Nawabshah SBA
Dr Shahnawaz Abro
MBBS, MS (General Surgery), Associate Professor, Department of Surgery, Indus Medical College, Tando Muhammad Khan
Dr Naeem Ul Karim Bhatti
MBBS, MS (General Surgery), Assistant Professor, Department of Surgery, Peoples University of Medical & Health Sciences for Women (PUMHSW), Nawabshah SBA
Dr Mujeeb Ur Rehman Sahito
MBBS, MS (General Surgery), MS (Urology), M. Phil (Anatomy), Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy, Peoples University of Medical & Health Sciences for Women PUMHSW) Nawabshah SBA
Dr Ali Raza Brohi
MBBS, (MS General Surgery), Postgraduate Resident at Peoples University of Medical & Health Sciences for Women (PUMHSW) Nawabshah SBA