ADVERSE EVENT FOLLOWING PENTAVALENT IMMUNIZATION IN 6, 10 AND 14 WEEK.
Main Article Content
Keywords
immunization, vaccine, adverse events
Abstract
Introduction
Despite the limited data on adverse events following immunization (AEFIs), these events are thought to contribute to vaccine hesitancy. This study aims to thoroughly examine the practices surrounding the reporting and management of AEFIs, providing insights into their potential impact on public trust in vaccines.
Method
This prospective mixed-methods study included 457 in-person interviews with caregivers, 8 key informant interviews, and 7 focus group discussions. Caregivers were recruited at or before their child's 6-week clinic visit and were then evaluated for the presence of AEFIs during subsequent appointments at 10 and 14 weeks, as well as through a follow-up call two weeks after the 14-week visit.
Result
Out of 209 children, 91 (43.5%) received scheduled vaccinations, with follow-up rates of 8.6% at 6 weeks, 41.6% at 10 weeks, and 8.1% at 14 weeks, while 41.6% completed all follow-ups. Common symptoms included pain, fever, and redness, affecting 25.4% of children, with 68.4% requiring medication and most recovering within 5 to 10 days. Notably, 98.6% of the reported cases were duplicates, leaving only 1.4% as primary cases.
Conclusion
The study's findings reaffirm the safety and effectiveness of vaccines, demonstrating that while mild to moderate adverse events such as pain, fever, and redness were common, they were generally manageable and led to full recovery within a short period. The low incidence of severe adverse events underscores the importance of ongoing surveillance and transparent communication with caregivers to maintain public trust in vaccination programs. Overall, the benefits of vaccination significantly outweigh the risks, supporting its continued use as a vital public health measure.
References
2. Prymula R, Povey M, Brzostek J, Cabrnochova H, Chlibek R, Czajka H, et al. Ten-year follow-up on efficacy, immunogenicity and safety of two doses of a combined measles-mumps-rubella-varicella vaccine or one dose of monovalent varicella vaccine: Results from five East European countries. Vaccine. 2021;39(19):2643-51.
3. Pan X, Lv H, Liang H, Wang Y, Shen L, Chen F, et al. Surveillance on the adverse events following immunization with the pentavalent vaccine in Zhejiang, China. Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics. 2022;18(1):2021711.
4. Gershon AA, Gershon MD, Shapiro ED. Live Attenuated Varicella Vaccine: Prevention of Varicella and of Zoster. The Journal of infectious diseases. 2021;224(12 Suppl 2):S387-s97.
5. Nakayama T. Causal relationship between immunological responses and adverse reactions following vaccination. Vaccine. 2019;37(2):366-71.
6. Bonaldo G, Noseda R, Ceschi A, Vaccheri A, Motola D. Evaluation of the safety profile of rotavirus vaccines: a pharmacovigilance analysis on American and European data. Scientific reports. 2020;10(1):13601.
7. Zafack JG, Bureau A, Skowronski DM, De Serres G. Adverse events following immunisation with four-component meningococcal serogroup B vaccine (4CMenB): interaction with co-administration of routine infant vaccines and risk of recurrence in European randomised controlled trials. BMJ open. 2019;9(5):e026953.
8. Oliveira PMNd, Lignani LK, Conceição DAd, Farias PMCdM, Takey PRG, Maia MdLdS, et al. Surveillance of adverse events following immunization in the late 2010s: an overview of the importance, tools, and challenges. 2020;36:e00182019.
9. Psihogios A, Bota AB, Mithani SS, Greyson D, Zhu DT, Fung SG, et al. A scoping review of active, participant-centred, digital adverse events following immunization (AEFI) surveillance: a Canadian immunization research network study. 2022.
10. Bonetto C, Trotta F, Felicetti P, Alarcón GS, Santuccio C, Bachtiar NS, et al. Vasculitis as an adverse event following immunization – Systematic literature review. Vaccine. 2016;34(51):6641-51.
11. Gold MS, MacDonald NE, McMurtry CM, Balakrishnan MR, Heininger U, Menning L, et al. Immunization stress-related response–redefining immunization anxiety-related reaction as an adverse event following immunization. 2020;38(14):3015-20.
12. Azarpanah H, Farhadloo M, Vahidov R, Pilote L. Vaccine hesitancy: evidence from an adverse events following immunization database, and the role of cognitive biases. BMC public health. 2021;21(1):1686.
Article Sidebar
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
All articles published in JPTCP are licensed under Copyright Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Dr. Rubina Rafique
M.B.B.S (King Edward Medical University), MS&PH (SZABIST), MCPS, Trainee in Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Sobhraj Maternity Hospital
Muhammad Ali Shah
Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi
Nabeel Ahmad Khan
Master’s in Multidisciplinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
Saleha Tabassum
PhD Research Scholar, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, ICCBS, University of Karachi
Shilpa Dahara
Peoples University of Medical and Health Sciences, Nawabshah (PUMHS),
Zainab Abdul Razzak
PhD Scholar, Institute: University of Karachi