GENDER-WISE STUDIES OF BACTERIAL OTITIS MEDIA IN PATIENTS WITH HEARING LOSS
Main Article Content
Keywords
Gender, Bacterial otitis media, Hearing loss
Abstract
Background: Ear is very sensitive hearing organ of the body having three parts; the outer, middle and the inner year. It is more exposed to the outer environment that possesses allergens, microorganisms, water, air, sweat etc. Most significantly infectious agents, the microorganisms when enter in to the ear by any source cause mild to severe infection, which may lead to the hearing defects such as partial of permanent hearing loss irrespective to any age or sex. The hearing loss may occur by different factors like hereditary and contaminated environmental factors that include allergies, cold, infection of sinuses, accumulation of mucous and exposure to household and cigarette smoke. Mostly, the patients are suffering from otitis media; middle ear’s infection which leads to the inner ear infection followed by hearing loss, if left untreated.
Objectives: (1) To observe the frequency of infection, (2) to determine the common pathogens of otitis media among the male and female patients of different age groups, (3) to determine the incidence rate of otitis media and hearing loss and (4) to observe the effective treatment by antibiotic profiling.
Study Design: Prospective study.
Place and Duration of Study: Outpatient Departments (OPD) of different hospitals and Department of ENT Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences (LUMHS), Jamshoro, Sindh Pakistan, from 1st January 2016 to 31st December 2018.
Methodology: Two hundred and seventy-three ear swab specimens were screened and only 187 positive cases were found. Four classes of patients of hearing loss were studied such as hereditary hearing loss (HHL), infected non-hearing loss (INHL), infected hearing loss (IHL) and the patients with inflamed year.
Results: There were 103 males and 84 females positive (infected) patients of different age groups mainly of IHL. The samples collected from males were greater (61) in number as compared to the females (45) with infection rate (%) of 51%, 45%, 4% and 41%, 36%, 62% in male and female patients of 3-11, 12-25 and 26-40 years of age. The main bacterial isolates were Staphylococcus aureus 23%, Streptococcus pneumoniae 14%, E. coli 16.5%, Klebsiella pneumoniae 8%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 18% and Proteus mirabilis 7% and in females 20%, 10%, 12%, 12%, 17%, 4% respectively. The number of clinical isolates from all specimen ranged n=81, n=64, n=63, n=54, n=36 and n=20 of Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumonia, Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae respectively. The greater resistance was observed by Staphylococcus aureus to methicillin 90%, penicillin, 42%; Streptococcus pneumoniae to gentamycin 31%, penicillin 30%; E.coli to Ciprofloxacin 28%, Ofloxacn 25%; Klebsiella pneumoniae to chloramphenicol 28%, ampicillin 22%; Pseudomonas aeruginosa to levofloxacin 22%, amoxicillin 21%, norfloxacin 21% and Proteus mirabilis to amoxicillin 30.5%, cephalosporin 28%, cefoxitin 22%.
Conclusion: The otitis media and the otitis media with effusion mainly in the patients of infected hearing loss greatly in children and elderly age mainly caused by bacterial isolates with the multidrug resistance (MDR) capability. The existence of MDR isolates is distressing that could be harmful and increase to the high resistance to other antibiotics that may lead more fatal incidences of chronic otitis (COM) media and COM with effusion.
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Rizwana Khanzada
Medical Technologist/ DNA Analysts, Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Sindh Pakistan.
Abid Hussain
Professor & Chairman, Department of Pathology, Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Sindh Pakistan.
Abdul Aziz Shaikh
Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Sindh Pakistan.
Muhammad Khan
Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Baqai Medical University Karachi
Jehangir Kazi
Senior Demonstrator, Department of Pathology, Sulaiman Roshan Medical College, Tando Adam District Sanghar, Sindh Pakistan.
Agha Asad Noor
Professor & Dean Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Sindh, Jamshoro Sindh.
Marvi
Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacy, University of Baluchistan, Quetta Pakistan.