EVALUATION OF CAROTID ARTERY INTIMA-MEDIA THICKNESS AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH ATHEROSCLEROTIC RISK FACTORS IN HYPERTENSION AND TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS: A OBSERVATIONAL STUDY.
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Keywords
Carotid artery intima media thickness, atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes mellitus
Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular diseases play a major role in the mortality rates of individuals suffering from diabetes mellitus (DM). The American Heart Association identifies carotid artery intima media thickness (CIMT) as a reliable, non-invasive, and economical approach for evaluating sub-clinical atherosclerosis. This research sought to investigate CIMT and its correlation with atherosclerotic risk factors in patients diagnosed with hypertension and type 2 DM.
Methods: The research involved 100 adult patients over the age of 30 of both genders, diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus and admitted to the inpatient department. CIMT measurements were taken using a Philips Epiq 7G ultrasound machine equipped with a high-frequency (3 to 12 MHz) linear transducer.
Results: The participants had an average age of 57.40 ± 8.0 years, with 62% identifying as male. Among them, 17 patients were diagnosed with atheroembolic disease. The mean carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) was measured at 0.72 ± 0.21 mm, with 30 patients presenting a high CIMT (>0.9 mm). The high-CIMT group demonstrated significantly greater mean body mass index and waist circumference (p < 0.05). Furthermore, both mean HbA1c and mean post-prandial blood sugar levels were notably higher in this subgroup (p < 0.05). Additionally, the mean creatinine levels and lipid profiles were significantly elevated in the high-CIMT group (p < 0.05). Importantly, 43.33% of patients in the high-CIMT group exhibited signs of atheroembolic disease, in contrast to just 5.71% in the low-CIMT group.
Conclusion: A significant number of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus showed increased carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT). Additionally, individuals with higher CIMT levels had a markedly greater occurrence of atherosclerotic risk factors, indicating that CIMT is a strong marker for atherosclerosis.
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Dr. Anurag Prasad
Assistant Professor, Department of General Medicine, Santosh Medical College, Ghaziabad,India
Dr.Chakrapani Bhardwaj
Assistant Professor, Department of General Medicine, Santosh Medical College, Ghaziabad,India
Dr.Manav Agrawal
Resident, Department of General Medicine, Santosh Medical College, Ghaziabad,India