BACTERIOLOGICAL PROFILE AND ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERNS LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION
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Keywords
Lower respiratory tract infections,, antibiotic resistance, bacteriological profile, antimicrobial stewardship, healthcare-associated infections
Abstract
Introduction: Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) remain a significant global health concern, contributing substantially to morbidity and mortality. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains has complicated LRTI management. This study aimed to investigate the bacteriological profile and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of LRTIs in a tertiary care hospital, providing crucial data to guide empirical antibiotic therapy and inform local antimicrobial stewardship efforts.
Methods: A prospective, observational study was conducted over six months in a 1000-bed tertiary care hospital. Three hundred patients with clinical symptoms of LRTIs were enrolled. Lower respiratory tract samples were collected and processed for bacterial culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing following standard microbiological procedures. Demographic and clinical data were recorded. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, multivariate logistic regression, and comparison of community-acquired and hospital-acquired infections.
Results: Streptococcus pneumoniae (25%) was the most common pathogen, followed by Haemophilus influenzae (15%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (12%). Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed high resistance rates, particularly among gram-negative organisms. Hospital-acquired infections showed significantly higher resistance rates compared to community-acquired infections. Multivariate analysis identified age >65 years, COPD, prior antibiotic use, ICU admission, and mechanical ventilation as significant risk factors for antibiotic resistance. Early blood culture positivity was associated with longer hospital stays and higher mortality.
Conclusion: The study highlights the diverse spectrum of LRTI pathogens and concerning trends in antibiotic resistance, particularly in healthcare-associated infections. These findings emphasize the need for regular surveillance of local bacteriological profiles, tailored empirical antibiotic strategies, and robust antibiotic stewardship programs to address the growing challenge of antimicrobial resistance in LRTIs.
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Dr. Monika Agrawal
Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Santosh Medical College & Hospital, Ghaziabad