PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND DETERMINATION OF IN VITRO ANTI-ARTHRITIC ACTIVITY OF THE LEAVES EXTRACT OF ACACIA FARNESIANA
Main Article Content
Keywords
Anti arthritic activity, Acacia Farnesiana, Extraction, Protein Denaturation Assay, PhytoChemical Screening, Sonication, Soxhlation, Maceration, Ethanolic, Hydro Alcoholic
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic disease affecting the entire body, affecting joints like hands, feet, wrists, knees, and ankles. It affects 1% of people globally and can be influenced by hereditary and environmental factors. Symptoms include fatigue, joint tenderness, redness, swelling, joint pain, numbness, weight loss, and stiffness. RA impairs mobility, lowers health-related quality of life, and increases mortality. In ayurvedic medicine, Acacia farnesiana is a valuable medicinal plant that is used for many therapeutic purposes. The trunk, leaves, and fruits of this plant have been widely used. The aim of this study is to investigate in vitro anti-arthritic activity and phytochemical screening of fresh leaf extracts of Acacia farnesiana. The anti-arthritic activity of leaves of Acacia farnesiana was evaluated by using four extraction methods, including maceration, sonication, reflux, and soxhlation. It was assessed in terms of a protein denaturation assay. The highest IC50 S.D. value by using the maceration method was AFE50 102 g/ml. Sonication also showed highest yield in Hydro alcoholic (AfE50) at 14.5%. On the other hand, Soxhlation method showed the highest yield at 28.5% using ethanolic (AfE), while reflux extraction showed the highest yield in Hydroalcoholic (AfE50) at 27%. Among all crude extracts, the macerated AFE50 possesses the most potent anti-arthritic activity. Tthe preliminary phytochemical analysis of AfE50 was carried out using standard methods to identify various phytochemicals. Alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, steroids, tannins, and carbohydrates were present in AfE50; however, saponins, proteins, amino acids, anthraquinone glycosides, and starch were not detected in AfE50 extract.
References
[2] H. J. Mahdi, N. A. K. Khan, M. Z. B. Asmawi, et al. "In vivo anti-arthritic and anti-nociceptive effects of ethanol extract of Moringaoleifera leaves on complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis in rats," vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 85-94, 2018.
[3] B. J. C. j. o. i. m. Heidari, "Rheumatoid Arthritis: Early diagnosis and treatment outcomes," vol. 2, no. 1, p. 161, 2011.
[4] Clayton, S. A., MacDonald, L., Kurowska-Stolarska, M. et al. (2021). Mitochondria as key players in the pathogenesis and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Frontiers in Immunology, 12, 1488. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.673916
[5] Mittinty, M. M., Elliott, J. M., Hunter, D. J., et al. (2022). Explaining the gap in the experience of depression among arthritis patients. Clinical Rheumatology, 41(4), 1227–1233. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-021-06010-0
[6] Ashiq, K., Rehman, K., Ashiq, S. et al. (2017). Influence of osteoporosis on quality of life and current strategies for its management and treatment. GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1(2), 34– 40.https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2017.1.2.0051
[7] Yerima, A., Akintayo, R., &Adebajo, A. (2021). Implications of a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis in resource-poor countries. Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.berh.2021.101725
[8] Rahimizadeh, P., Rezaieyazdi, Z., Behzadi, F., et al. (2021). Nanotechnology as a promising platform for rheumatoid arthritis management: Diagnosis, treatment, and treatment monitoring. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 609, 121137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121137
[9] Aletaha, D., &Smolen, J. S. (2018). Diagnosis and management of rheumatoid arthritis: A review. Journal of the American Medical Association, 320(13), 1360–1372. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.13103
[10] Shakil, M., Saleem, D. M., Zafar, A., et al. (2021). Clinical and hematological parameters in patients of Rheumatoid arthritis in a tertiary care hospital. Rawal Medical Journal, 46(1), 45–45.
[11] Khaliq, T., Khan, A., & Malik, I. A. (2020). Clinical profile and treatment outcomes of patients with rheumatoid arthritis at a tertiary care hospital of Pakistan. JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 70, 1143–1149. https://doi.org/10.5455/JPMA.289952
[12] I. L. Elisha, J.-P. Dzoyem, L. J. McGaw., et al. c. Eloff, and a. medicine, "The anti-arthritic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activity and relationships with total phenolics and total flavonoids of nine South African plants used traditionally to treat arthritis," vol. 16, no. 1, p. 307, 2016.
[13] C. Trivedi, N. Modi, R. Sarin, et al.Rao, and pharmacology, "Bronchodilator and anti-inflammatory effect of glycosidal fraction of Acacia farnesiana," vol. 30, no. 3, p. 267, 1986.
[14] S. Hossan et al., "Traditional use of medicinal plants in Bangladesh to treat urinary tract infections and sexually transmitted diseases," vol. 8, pp. 061-074, 2010.
[15] T. Santi-Gadelha et al., "Effects of a lectin-like protein isolated from Acacia farnesiana seeds on phytopathogenic bacterial strains and root-knot nematode," vol. 103, no. 1, pp. 15-22, 2012.
[16] G. Ramírez, M. Zavala, J. Pérez, et al. Zamilpa, and A. Medicine, "In vitro screening of medicinal plants used in Mexico as antidiabetics with glucosidase and lipase inhibitory activities," vol. 2012, 2012.
[17] G. Garavito et al., "Antimalarial activity of some Colombian medicinal plants," vol. 107, no. 3, pp. 460-462, 2006.
[18] S. Ramli, K.-i. Harada, and N. J. P. J. Ruangrungsi, "Antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxicity activities of Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd. Leaves ethanolic extract," vol. 3, no. 23, pp. 50-58, 2011.
[19] V. Nair, S. Singh, Y. K. J. J. o. P. Gupta, and Pharmacology, "Anti‐arthritic and disease modifying activity of Terminalia chebula Retz. in experimental models," vol. 62, no. 12, pp. 1801-1806, 2010.
[20] S. Ghosh, K. Saha, S. Dasgupta, and A. J. J. T. Gomes, "In vitro and in vivo anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory activity of Bungarus fasciatus venom," vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 5-8, 2015.
[21] C. S. Kumari, N. Yasmin, M. R. Hussain, and M. J. I. J. P. S. R. Babuselvam, "Invitro anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic property of Rhizopora mucronata leaves," vol. 6, pp. 482-485, 2015.
[22] B. Alanís-Garza, G. González-González, R. Salazar-Aranda, N. W. de Torres, and V. J. J. o. E. Rivas-Galindo, "Screening of antifungal activity of plants from the northeast of Mexico," vol. 114, no. 3, pp. 468-471, 2007.
[23] M. Meckes, A. David-Rivera, V. Nava-Aguilar, and A. J. P. Jimenez, "Activity of some Mexican medicinal plant extracts on carrageenan-induced rat paw edema," vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 446-451, 2004.
[24] K. Patel, M. Gadewar, V. Tahilyani, and D. K. J. C. j. o. i. m. Patel, "A review on pharmacological and analytical aspects of diosmetin: a concise report," vol. 19, no. 10, pp. 792-800, 2013.
[25] M. Mueller, K. Janngeon, R. Puttipan, et al. S. J. I. J. P. P. S. Okonogi, "Anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Thai medicinal plants," vol. 7, no. 11, pp. 123-128, 2015.
[26] V. E. F. Abrantes et al., "Molecular modeling of Lectin-like protein from Acacia farnesiana reveals a possible anti-inflammatory mechanism in carrageenan-induced inflammation," vol. 2013, 2013.
Article Sidebar
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
All articles published in JPTCP are licensed under Copyright Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Asheeba Memon
Phil Scholar, Faculty Of Pharmacy, University Of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh Pakistan
Muhammad Akram Khatri
Associate Professor, department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh Pakistan.
Abdul Hakeem Memon
Professor, Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh Pakistan.
SYED MUHAMMD MUBASHIR SHAH SHERAZI SAYED
LECTURER AT COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
Anees Ahmed
Hospital Pharmacist, Liaquat University Hospital, Jamshoro Sindh Pakistan
Moin Ahmed
Teaching Assistant, College of Pharmacy, Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences (LUMHS), Jamshoro Sindh Pakistan
Amaara
Mphil scholar, Faculty of Pharmacy University of Sindh
Qurrat ul Ain Gul
Phil Scholar at Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sindh, Jamshoro.
Jannat Zaib
Phil Scholar at Department of Pharmacology, University of Karachi
Sana Afzal
Phil Scholar at Department of Pharmacology, University of Karachi