PREVALENCE OF POST-PARTUM DEPRESSION AND ITS ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS AT ASHFAQ NEUROPSYCHIATRIC AND GENERAL HOSPITAL KHWAZA KHELA SWAT
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Keywords
Prevalence, Post-partum, Risk factors
Abstract
Background: Women go through a variety of emotional changes throughout the crucial postpartum phase of their lives. If postpartum depression is not identified and treated, both the mother and the child may suffer serious consequences.
Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the Prevalence of post-partum depression and its associated risk factors at Ashfaq Neuropsychiatric and General hospital Khwazakhela Swat.
Methodology: The current study was carried out at the department of psychiatry in Ashfaq Neuropsychiatric and General Hospital Khwazakhela Swat from August 2022 to April 2023 after taking approval from the ethical committee of the institute. A total 179 postpartum women age ranged from 18 to 45 visited the hospital between 10 days to a year following delivery were enrolled in the current study. Women on antidepressants and antipsychotics and with a history of mental illness were excluded. The validated version of the Edinberg Postpartum depression Scale was used to screen for postpartum depression. Participants were given the questionnaire and instructed to choose the option that best reflected their feelings during the previous seven days for each topic. To lessen bias, patients were advised to fill out the questionnaire as independently as possible with as little help as possible Women were considered to be suffering from post-partum if their threshold score was 10 or above. Women exhibiting post-partum depression symptoms were sent to the psychiatric department for further management. The data was entered into a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and analyzed using SPSS version 23.0. The odds-ratio was used to assess the relationship between post-partum depression and other risk variables, with a P-value of less than 0.05 indicating a significant correlation.
Results
A total of 179 women participated in this study out of which 22 individuals (12.2%) on Edinberg Post -partum depression scale scored more than 10 were considered depressed. Age previous abortion did not correlate with postpartum depression. (Value of P 0.11). Previous intrauterine device was associated with increase of postpartum depression (value of p 0.013). There was no evidence associating the baby's sex to a higher incidence developing postpartum depression (P = 0.33). Patients who had family support had a lower risk 5(6.4%) of developing Post -partum depression. (P is equal to 0.02). Additionally, individuals who have postpartum complications had a higher risk (7.76%) to get PPD (P = 0.03). Postpartum depression was not observed to be correlated with socioeconomic position (p = 0.09) or education (OR = 0.62, P = 0.27). Among working and housewife women, there wasn't no statistically significant distinction (P = 0.3). Postpartum depression was shown to have a strong correlation (P = 0.01) with IUD or early neonatal mortality.
Conclusion
The current study concluded that prevalence of PPD is 11.4%. Postnatal women frequently experience post-partum depression, which can have an impact on the mother, child, and whole family.
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Ashfaq Ahmad
Consultant Psychiatrist, Government THQ Hospital Khwaza Khela, Swat Pakistan
Aqeela Iqbal
Senior Registrar Psychiatry Department, Naseer Teaching Hospital, Peshawar Pakistan
Abid Usman
Consultant Psychiatrist, MTI DHQ Hospital, Bannu Pakistan