"PREVALENCE OF PRE HYPERTENSION AND HYPERTENSION IN FIRST YEAR MEDICAL STUDENTS AND IT'S RELATION WITH BMI OF STUDENTS":
Main Article Content
Keywords
hypertension, pre-hypertension, medical students, body mass index, prevalence
Abstract
Introduction: Hypertension is a major global health concern, with pre-hypertension being a precursor. Medical students face unique stressors that may contribute to the development of hypertension. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of pre-hypertension and hypertension among first-year medical students and investigate its relationship with body mass index (BMI).
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 228 first-year medical students at a medical college in Maharashtra. Participants were selected using systematic random sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and physical measurements, including blood pressure, height, and weight.
Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, independent t-tests, logistic regression, and multiple linear regression were used for data analysis.
Results: The prevalence of pre-hypertension and hypertension was 29.8% and 7.9%, respectively. There was a significant association between BMI and blood pressure categories (p<0.001), with the prevalence of pre-hypertension and hypertension increasing with higher BMI categories. Male gender (AOR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.01-3.08), overweight (AOR: 3.42, 95% CI: 1.71-6.84), and obesity (AOR: 20.8, 95% CI: 4.68-92.4) were significantly associated with an increased risk of pre-hypertension and hypertension. Male gender and higher BMI were also significantly associated with both systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The study reveals a high prevalence of pre-hypertension and hypertension among first-year medical students, with male gender and higher BMI being significant risk factors. Early detection and intervention strategies, including regular blood pressure screening, health education, and lifestyle modification interventions, are crucial to promote cardiovascular health in this population.
References
2. Balaji, P. A., Srinivasan, A. R., & Ramanathan, S. (2019). Prevalence of hypertension and its associated factors among medical students in Chennai. National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 9(7), 610-614. https://doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2019.9.0310717032019
3. Cheah, W. L., Lee, P. Y., Khatijah, Y., & Rasidah, A. W. (2018). Hypertension and its association with anthropometric indices among students in a public university. Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 14(1), 59-68. https://medic.upm.edu.my/upload/dokumen/2018020708472318_MJMHS_0059.pdf
4. Chhabra, K. G., Sharma, A., Chhabra, S., Reddy, J. J., & Deane, J. (2018). Prevalence of hypertension and its risk factors among medical students. International Journal of Contemporary Medical Research, 5(6), F1-F4. http://doi.org/10.21276/ijcmr.2018.5.6.19
5. Daniel, W. W. (1999). Biostatistics: A Foundation for Analysis in the Health Sciences (7th ed.). John Wiley & Sons.
6. Forouzanfar, M. H., Liu, P., Roth, G. A., Ng, M., Biryukov, S., Marczak, L., Alexander, L., Estep, K., Abate, K. H., Akinyemiju, T. F., Ali, R., Alvis-Guzman, N., Azzopardi, P., Banerjee, A., Bärnighausen, T., Basu, A., Bekele, T., Bennett, D. A., Biadgilign, S., ... Murray, C. J. L. (2017). Global burden of hypertension and systolic blood pressure of at least 110 to 115 mm Hg, 1990-2015. JAMA, 317(2), 165-182. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2016.19043
7. Huang, Y., Cai, X., Zhang, J., Mai, W., Wang, S., Hu, Y., Ren, H., & Xu, D. (2016). Prehypertension and incidence of cardiovascular disease: A meta-analysis. BMC Medicine, 14(1), 177. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-016-0728-x
8. Jayedi, A., Rashidy-Pour, A., Khorshidi, M., & Shab-Bidar, S. (2018). Body mass index, abdominal adiposity, weight gain and risk of developing hypertension: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of more than 2.3 million participants. Obesity Reviews, 19(5), 654-667. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12656
9. Kumar, C. A., Das, S., & Basu, S. (2017). Prevalence of hypertension and its associated factors among undergraduate medical students in a teaching hospital of North India. International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 5(10), 4247-4251. http://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20174154
10. Mehta, K. G., & Patel, K. G. (2019). Prevalence of hypertension and its associated risk factors among undergraduate medical students in a medical college of Vadodara city. International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, 6(3), 1223-1228. https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20190600
11. Sarkar, S., Mukhopadhyay, B., & Bhattacharya, A. (2019). Stress and its risk factors among undergraduate medical students. International Journal of Contemporary Medical Research, 6(7), G1-G3. http://doi.org/10.21276/ijcmr.2019.6.7.15
12. Satheesh, B. C., Veena, R. M., & Prashantha, B. (2017). A study of prevalence of hypertension and its risk factors among medical students in a teaching hospital. International Journal of Contemporary Medical Research, 4(10), 2173-2176. https://www.ijcmr.com/uploads /7/7/4/6/77464738/ijcmr_1743_nov_21.pdf
13. Sohn, K. (2018). Association between body mass index and hypertension in first-year university students in Korea. International Journal of Hypertension, 2018, 8917269. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/8917269
14. Tadesse, T., & Alemu, H. (2014). Hypertension and associated factors among university students in Gondar, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, 14, 937. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-937
15. Teshome, T., Demissie, A., & Zeleke, B. (2018). Prevalence of hypertension and its associated factors among undergraduate students in Wollo University, Ethiopia. International Journal of Hypertension, 2018, 4186496. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4186496
16. Whelton, P. K., Carey, R. M., Aronow, W. S., Casey, D. E., Collins, K. J., Dennison Himmelfarb, C., DePalma, S. M., Gidding, S., Jamerson, K. A., Jones, D. W., MacLaughlin, E. J., Muntner, P., Ovbiagele, B., Smith, S. C., Spencer, C. C., Stafford, R. S., Taler, S. J., Thomas, R. J., Williams, K. A., ... Wright, J. T. (2018). 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA Guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Hypertension, 71(6), e13-e115. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYP.0000000000000065
17. World Health Organization. (2019). Hypertension. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hypertension
Article Sidebar
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
All articles published in JPTCP are licensed under Copyright Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Dr. Mohit Malge
Associate Professor, Department of Physiology, Ashwini Rural Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre. Solapur, Maharashtra, India
Dr. Chandrakant Waghmare
Professor & Head, Department of Pharmacology, Dr V. M. Govt. Medical College, Solapur,
Maharashtra, India