IMPACT OF EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS ON DIABETES MELLITUS AND ITS COMPLICATIONS
Main Article Content
Keywords
Epigenetic changes, Hyperglycemia, Diabetic nephropathy, Neuropathy, Cardiovascular diseases
Abstract
The current review outlines the imprint of epigenetic changes on the development of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its comorbidities. Diabetes mellitus includes T1DM and T2DM, which are chronic disease associated with hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency or insulin resistance. DNA methylation and histone modification along with microRNA and small interfering RNA have been established to participate in diabetes regulating the gene related with insulin production, secretion and glucose metabolism. It has been established that, the methylation of DNA in functional genes such as PDXI and IGF2 is associated with the abnormal functioning of beta-cells and insulin resistance in T2DM. Histone modifications also have crucial roles: histone acetylation is involved in modulation of insulin secretion and sensitivity. Also, microRNAs and long intergenic non-coding RNAs, which comprise a diverse group of molecules, are involved in the management of beta-cell action as well as glucose utilization. Genomic imprinting is involved not only in the development of diabetes but also in its complications as diabetic nephropathy, neuropathy, and cardiovascular diseases. These may be used as intervention points for the prophylaxis and treatment of diabetes besides its complications. New knowledge being generated in understanding the epigenetic role in diabetes will add areas of therapeutic intervention to reduce mortality and morbidities in patients with diabetes.
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Bhushanam M.
Department of Zoology, Maharani’s Science College for Women, Bengaluru-560 001, India.
Dakshayini P.N.
Department of Zoology, Maharani’s Science College for Women, Bengaluru-560 001, India.
Abhinandini I.D
Department of Zoology, Govt First Grade College, Channapatna – 571501, Bangalore University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.