ACCESSING PAKISTANI COMMERCIAL HONEY FOR ITS COMPOSITIONAL, QUALITY, SAFETY, ANTIBACTERIAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS: A PRE-CLINICAL SCREENING
Main Article Content
Keywords
Honey, Adulteration, Pesticides residue, Safety, In-vitro anti-bacterial activity
Abstract
Honey usage as medicine is as old as 4000-years. The application of honey as therapeutic is increasing, the pre-clinical screening is crucial to evaluate its effectiveness to ensure its medical grade. The first ever therapeutic use of honey was for wound healing but is now recognized in many other health ailments owing to its antioxidant, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, anti-cancer, anti-metastatic, anti-fungal and anti-viral properties. The adulteration with different substances, pesticides, microbes, and heavy metals can prove to be toxic for human health effecting organs. This study aims to access the different Pakistani commercial honey to check its authenticity via different methods including compositional, quality, safety and anti-bacterial analysis. To evaluate its therapeutic potential in-vitro analysis includes total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), radical scavenging activity via DPPH and FRAP were carried out. All honey samples fall under the permissible limits set by the international and national legislative bodies. The safety analysis total plate, fungi and mold were also under the permissible limits. No pesticides were detected. The heavy metals such as lead, cadmium and arsenic were found in range of 0.0-2.22, 0.0-0.18 and 0.0-0.2mg/kg. The total phenolic (21.9mgGAE/100g) and flavonoid content (2.76-5.57mgCAT/100g) were found to be highly variable similar their respective antioxidant activity DPPH (18-45%) and FRAP (954-1445µMFeII/100g). Forest Sidr honey showed highest anti-bacterial activity against all 3 bacterial isolates i.e., Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, then any other honey sample. Great variability in composition, and its safety concerns demand rigorous testing before clinical applications.
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8. Ajibola, A., J.P. Chamunorwa and K.H. Erlwanger. 2012. Nutraceutical values of natural honey and its contribution to human health and wealth. Nutr. Metab. 9:1-12.
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15. Hegazi, A.G., F.M. Al Guthami, M.F. Ramadan, A.F. Al Gethami, A.M. Craig and S. Serrano. 2022. Characterization of sidr (Ziziphus spp.) honey from different geographical origins. App. Sci. 12:1-14.
16. Anand, S., E. Pang, G. Livanos and N. Mantri. 2018. Characterization of physico-chemical properties and antioxidant capacities of bioactive honey produced from Australian grown Agastache rugosa and its correlation with colour and poly-phenol content. Molecules. 23:108-116.
17. Rizelio, V.M., L. Tenfen, R.D. Silveira, L.V. Gonzaga, A.C.O. Costa and R. Fett. 2012. Development of a fast capillary electrophoresis method for determination of carbohydrates in honey samples. Talanta. 93:62-66.
18. Codex Alimentarius Commission. 2001. Revised Codex Standard for Honey. Available at: https://www.ihc-platform.net/codex2001.pdf. Accessed on 7th August, 2023.
19. Chua, L.S. and N.A. Adnan. 2014. Biochemical and nutritional components of selected honey samples. Acta Sci. Pol. Technol. Aliment. 13:169-179.
20. Vanhanen, L.P., A. Emmertz and G.P. Savage. 2011. Mineral analysis of mono-floral New Zealand honey. Food Chem. 128:236-240.
21. IHC (International Honey Commission). 2009. Harmonized methods of the international honey commission. Available at: https://www.ihc-platform.net/. Accessed on: 07th August, 2023.
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28. Odeyemi, A.T., S.O. Adefemi and A.A. Adebayo. 2013. Antimicrobial and proximate properties of some processed honey in Ado-Ekiti. Int. J. Aquat. Sci. 4:36-43.
29. Nemo, R. and K. Bacha. 2021. Microbial quality, physicochemical characteristics, proximate analysis and antimicrobial activities of honey from Anfilo district. Food Biosci. 42:1-8.
30. Tahir, A.A., N.F.A. Sani, N.A. Murad, S. Makpol, W.Z.W. Ngah and Y.A.M. Yusof. 2015. Combined ginger extract & Gelam honey modulate Ras/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathway genes in colon cancer HT29 cells. Nutr. J. 14:1-10.
31. Shiddiq, M., R. Salambue, N.Z. Yasmin, F. Lismayeni, S. Fitridhani and H. Adzani. 2018. Laser based imaging method to discriminate Riau Province pure honeys. J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 1120:1-9.
32. Anguebes, F., L. Pat, B. Ali, A. Guerrero, A.V. Córdova, M. Abatal and J.P. Garduza. 2016. Application of multivariable analysis and FTIR-ATR spectroscopy to the prediction of properties in campeche honey. J. Anal. Methods Chem. 2016:1-14.
33. Habib, H.M., F.T. Al Meqbali, H. Kamal, U.D. Souka and W.H. Ibrahim. 2014. Bioactive components, antioxidant and DNA damage inhibitory activities of honeys from arid regions. Food Chem. 153:28-34.
34. Nanda, V., B. Sarkar, H. Sharma and A. Bawa. 2003. Physico-chemical properties and estimation of mineral content in honey produced from different plants in Northern India. J. Food Compos. Anal. 16:613-619.
35. Kirs, E., R. Pall, K. Martverk and K. Laos. 2011. Physicochemical and melissopalynological characterization of Estonian summer honeys. Procedia. Food Sci. 1:616-624.
36. Silva, L.R., R. Videira, A.P. Monteiro, P. Valentão and P.B. Andrade. 2009. Honey from Luso region (Portugal): Physicochemical characteristics and mineral contents. Microchem. J. 93:73-77.
37. Di-Bella, G., V.L. Turco, A.G. Potortì, G.D. Bua, M.R. Fede and G. Dugo. 2015. Geographical discrimination of Italian honey by multi-element analysis with a chemometric approach. J. Food Compos. Anal. 44:25-35.
38. Zerrouk, S., M.C. Seijo, O. Escuredo and M.S. Rodríguez-Flores. 2018. Characterization of Ziziphus lotus (jujube) honey produced in Algeria. J. Apic. Res. 57:166-174.
39. Aazza, S., B. Lyoussi, D. Antunes and M.G. Miguel. 2013. Physicochemical characterization and antioxidant activity of commercial Portuguese honeys. J. Food Sci. 78:1159-1165.
40. Noor, N. 2015. Analysis of medicinal and chemical properties of honeys collected from some selected locations of Pakistan. Ph.D. Diss., Dept. Chem., Univ. Agric., Faisalabad, Pakistan.
41. Alves, A., A. Ramos, M.M. Gonçalves, M. Bernardo and B. Mendes. 2013. Antioxidant activity, quality parameters and mineral content of Portuguese monofloral honeys. J. Food Compos. Analysis. 30:130-138.
42. Khan, S.J., M. Shafique, S. Kausar, S. Nawaz, A. Salariya and N. Ejaz. 2009. Study of physiochemical characteristics and pollen spectrum of honey available in Lahore. Pak. J. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 42:58-62.
43. Nasiruddin K.M., M. Qaiser, S.M. Raza and M. Rehman. 2006. Physicochemical properties and pollen spectrum of imported and local samples of blossom honey from the Pakistani market. Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. 41:775-781.
44. Sharif, A., M. Iftikhar, A. Hussain, M.U. Rehman, S.F. Zaidi, M. Akram, M. Daniyal and K. Usmanghani. 2018. Evaluation of physio-chemical properties of honey collected from local markets of Lahore, Pakistan. Pak. J. Med. Biol. Sci. 2:1-6.
45. Gulfraz, M., F. Iftikhar, M. Imran, A. Zeenat, S. Asif and I. Shah. 2011. Compositional analysis and antimicrobial activity of various honey types of Pakistan. Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. 46:263-267.
46. Iqbal, M.N., A.A. Anjum, M.A. Ali, F. Hussain, S. Ali, A. Muhammad, M. Irfan, A. Ahmad and A. Shabbir. 2015. Assessment of microbial load of un-pasteurized fruit juices and in vitro antibacterial potential of honey against bacterial isolates. Open Microbiol. J. 9:26-32.
47. Boateng, J. and K.N. Diunase. 2015. Comparing the antibacterial and functional properties of Cameroonian and manuka honeys for potential wound healing-have we come full cycle in dealing with antibiotic resistance? Molecules. 20:16068-16084.
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Aug 24, 2024
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How to Cite
Roma Saleem, Mian Kamran Sharif, Muhammad Issa Khan, & Muhammad Naeem Faisal. (2024). ACCESSING PAKISTANI COMMERCIAL HONEY FOR ITS COMPOSITIONAL, QUALITY, SAFETY, ANTIBACTERIAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS: A PRE-CLINICAL SCREENING. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(8), 1445-1462. https://doi.org/10.53555/kr6h4v86
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Author Biographies
Roma Saleem
National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University Road, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38000 Punjab, Pakistan.
Mian Kamran Sharif
National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University Road, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38000 Punjab, Pakistan.
Muhammad Issa Khan
National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University Road, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38000 Punjab, Pakistan.
Muhammad Naeem Faisal
Institute of Pharmacy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science,
University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan.
How to Cite
Roma Saleem, Mian Kamran Sharif, Muhammad Issa Khan, & Muhammad Naeem Faisal. (2024). ACCESSING PAKISTANI COMMERCIAL HONEY FOR ITS COMPOSITIONAL, QUALITY, SAFETY, ANTIBACTERIAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS: A PRE-CLINICAL SCREENING. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(8), 1445-1462. https://doi.org/10.53555/kr6h4v86