"ASSESSMENT OF RISK FACTORS FOR HUMAN MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS INFECTIONS IN RURAL COMMUNITIES IN CENTRAL GUJARAT, INDIA"
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Keywords
bovine tuberculosis (bTB), Mycobacterium bovis(M. bovis), risk factors, livestock–human interface, zoonotic TB
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) in humans is primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), with millions of infections and hundreds of thousands of deaths worldwide. It creates a substantial economic burden on the community. Unlike M. tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis infects cattle and causes bovine TB, also known as zoonotic TB. People can contract zoonotic TB after consumption of unpasteurized dairy products, handling the sick animals, and via occupational exposures. The association between the zoonotic TB in humans and cattle is not well known in India. The study examined the associated risk factors, including milk consumption habits, animal handling practices, previous contact with case of tuberculosis and occupational exposures.
A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the risk factors associated with zoonotic tuberculosis in humans and its transmission to people living at the livestock–human interface. A questionnaire was administered to collect the required information. A total thousand number of sputum samples were collected. The sputum samples were screened for TB using the microscopy techniques and 100 samples were found positive. This was followed by mycobacterial speciation using molecular techniques. M. bovis was isolated from 4 (0.4%) TB positive sputum samples and both Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis were detected from 6 (0.6%) indicating a mixed infection in the current study. Total 10 Mycobacterium bovis were isolated from the sputum samples.
Using logistic regression, owning an infected herd, being an animal handler (45%) and consumption of raw milk (61%) were recognized as highly significant risk factors associated with a history of TB in the current participants. The findings from this study have confirmed the potential for zoonotic TB transmission via both unpasteurized milk and aerosol thus, the role of M. bovis in human TB remains a concern for vulnerable communities.
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Ms. Dipal T. Meisheri
Ph. D scholar, Bhaikaka University, Karamsad, Gujarat, India. 303, Shree Ramkunj IV, Near Sigma Classes, Nanabazar, V.V.Nagar, Anand, Gujarat, India. Contact number: +919998789973
Dr. Suman P. Singh
M.D., Ph. D in Medical Microbiology, Professor, Department of Microbiology, Pramukhswami Medical College, Bhaikaka University, Karamsad, Gujarat, India.
Mr. Piyush N. Chudasama
Research Scientist, Research and development unit, Sat Kaival Hospital Pvt Ltd., Lambhvel, Anand, Gujarat, India.