ESTIMATION OF URINARY ENZYMES FOR DIAGNOSIS OF DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY AT EARLY STAGE IN PATIENTS OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
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Keywords
Diabetic nephropathy (DN), Diabetes mellitus (DM), Urine alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Gamma Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT).
Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by a rise in blood glucose levels. Uncontrolled diabetes may be associated with various complications, including both macrovascular and microvascular. Among these complications, diabetic nephropathy (DN) is particularly noteworthy, which eventually results in the onset of chronic kidney failure. Aim: to assess urinary enzymes as diagnostic markers for diabetic nephropathy at an early stage in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Materials and methods: A total of 90 diabetic patients, 90 patients with diabetic nephropathy, and 90 control subjects were recruited. Following this, blood and urine samples were collected and sent to the laboratory for estimation of blood glucose levels (FBS mg/dl and PPBS mg/dl) and serum creatinine, urine albumin creatinine ratio (mg/g), urine alkaline phosphate (U/l), and urine gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (U/l). The data was analyzed by ANOVA using SPSS software version 26.0.
Results: An increase in mean blood glucose and serum creatinine, urine albumin creatinine ratio, urine alkaline phosphate, and urine gamma glutamyl transpeptidase levels were noticed in both patients with DN and DM. Additionally, the DN group showed an even higher rise in blood glucose, serum creatinine, urine albumin creatinine ratio, urine ALP, and urine GGT levels than the diabetic group.
Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, it is concluded that estimation of serum creatinine, urine albumin creatinine ratio, and urinary enzymes are indicators for early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy in DM patients, as all these parameters were elevated in patients with diabetic nephropathy and subjects with diabetes mellitus.
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Dr. Kumari Pallavi
Consultant Biochemist, Medicover hospital, Hoodi, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
Dr. C. Suvarna Devi
Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre.Bangalore, India.
Dr. Sai Sravan Kumar Reddythala
Associate Professor, Narayana Medical College, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Dr. Nishitha Ganugapeta
Associate professor, Narayana medical college, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India.