PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF AGMATINE ON PRENATAL ETHANOL-RELATED BEHAVIORAL DEFICITS
Main Article Content
Keywords
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Agmatine, Anxiety, Motor coordination
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to ethanol is known to cause significant behavioral deficits, often leading to long-term neurodevelopmental disorders collectively referred to as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). This study investigates the therapeutic potential of agmatine, a polyamine derived from the amino acid arginine, on prenatal ethanol-induced behavioral deficits in offspring. Pregnant rats were administered 0 or 6 g/kg ethanol [20% (wt/vol)] in two divided doses and on weekends a single daily dose of 0 or 4 g/kg to induce developmental alteration similar to FASD, and agmatine was subsequently administered to offspring from PND 21 to PND 35 to evaluate its neuroprotective properties. Behavioral assessments, including tests for anxiety, and motor coordination, were conducted on the offspring. The results showed that prenatal ethanol exposure led to marked impairments in motor function as well as increased anxiety-like behaviors in offspring. However, offspring treated with agmatine exhibited significant improvements in these behavioral domains compared to the untreated ethanol-exposed group. Specifically, agmatine treatment was associated with reduced anxiety levels OFT, and better motor coordination on beam walking and rota rod apparatus. In conclusion, agmatine shows promise as a protective agent against prenatal ethanol-induced neurodevelopmental deficits. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of agmatine for mitigating the adverse effects of prenatal alcohol exposure and improving behavioral outcomes in affected offspring.
References
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6. Iqbal, U.; Brien, J. F.; Kapoor, A.; Matthews, S. G.; Reynolds, J. N. Chronic Prenatal Ethanol Exposure Increases Glucocorticoid‐Induced Glutamate Release in the Hippocampus of the Near‐Term Foetal Guinea Pig. J. Neuroendocrinol. 2006, 18 (11), 826–834.
7. Bird, C. W.; Barber, M. J.; Post, H. R.; Jacquez, B.; Chavez, G. J.; Faturos, N. G.; Valenzuela, C. F. Neonatal Ethanol Exposure Triggers Apoptosis in the Murine Retrosplenial Cortex: Role of Inhibition of NMDA Receptor-Driven Action Potential Firing. Neuropharmacology 2020, 162, 107837.
8. Bhatia, S.; Drake, D. M.; Miller, L.; Wells, P. G. Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage in the Mechanism of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders. Birth Defects Res. 2019, 111 (12), 714–748.
9. Wells, P. G.; Bhatia, S.; Drake, D. M.; Miller‐Pinsler, L. Fetal Oxidative Stress Mechanisms of Neurodevelopmental Deficits and Exacerbation by Ethanol and Methamphetamine. Birth Defects Res. Part C Embryo Today Rev. 2016, 108 (2), 108–130.
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11. Noor, S.; Milligan, E. D. Lifelong Impacts of Moderate Prenatal Alcohol Exposure on Neuroimmune Function. Front. Immunol. 2018, 9
12. Reis, D. J.; Regunathan, S. Agmatine: An Endogenous Ligand at Imidazoline Receptors May Be a Novel Neurotransmitter in Brain. J. Auton. Nerv. Syst. 1998, 72 (2–3), 80–85.
13. Neis, V. B.; Rosa, P. B.; Olescowicz, G.; Rodrigues, A. L. S. Therapeutic Potential of Agmatine for CNS Disorders. Neurochem. Int. 2017, 108, 318–331.
14. Moretti, M.; Matheus, F. C.; De Oliveira, P. A.; Neis, V. B.; Ben, J.; Walz, R.; Rodrigues, A. L. S.; Prediger, R. D. Role of Agmatine in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Epilepsy. Front. Biosci. - Elit. 2014, 6 E (2), 341–359.
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16. Arndt, M. A.; Battaglia, V.; Parisi, E.; Lortie, M. J.; Isome, M.; Baskerville, C.; Pizzo, D. P.; Ientile, R.; Colombatto, S.; Toninello, A.; Satriano, J. The Arginine Metabolite Agmatine Protects Mitochondrial Function and Confers Resistance to Cellular Apoptosis. Am. J. Physiol. - Cell Physiol. 2009, 296 (6), 1411–1419.
17. Dhokne, M. D.; Dixit, M. P.; Kale, M. B.; Aglawe, M. M.; Umekar, M. J.; Taksande, B. G. Agmatine as a Novel Treatment Option for Neuropathies: Experimental Evidences. INNOSC Theranostics Pharmacol. Sci. 2023, 5 (2), 1–10.
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19. Wang, W.-P.; Iyo, A. H.; Miguel-Hidalgo, J.; Regunathan, S.; Zhu, M.-Y. Agmatine Protects against Cell Damage Induced by NMDA and Glutamate in Cultured Hippocampal Neurons. Brain Res. 2006, 1084 (1), 210–216.
20. Rafi, H.; Rafiq, H.; Farhan, M. Inhibition of NMDA Receptors by Agmatine Is Followed by GABA/Glutamate Balance in Benzodiazepine Withdrawal Syndrome. Beni-Suef Univ. J. Basic Appl. Sci. 2021, 10 (1)
21. Bergin, D. H.; Jing, Y.; Williams, G.; Mockett, B. G.; Zhang, H.; Abraham, W. C.; Liu, P. Safety and Neurochemical Profiles of Acute and Sub-Chronic Oral Treatment with Agmatine Sulfate. Sci. Rep. 2019, 9 (1), 1–13.
22. Freitas, A. E.; Neis, V. B.; Rodrigues, A. L. S. Agmatine, a Potential Novel Therapeutic Strategy for Depression. Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol. 2016, 26 (12), 1885–1899.
23. Lee, G. T.; Ha, H.; Lee, H. C.; Cho, Y. D. Agmatine Reduces Hydrogen Peroxide in Mesangial Cells under High Glucose Conditions. J. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 2003, 36 (3), 251–257.
24. Freitas, A. E.; Bettio, L. E. B.; Neis, V. B.; Moretti, M.; Ribeiro, C. M.; Lopes, M. W.; Leal, R. B.; Rodrigues, A. L. S. Sub-Chronic Agmatine Treatment Modulates Hippocampal Neuroplasticity and Cell Survival Signaling Pathways in Mice. J. Psychiatr. Res. 2014, 58, 137–146.
25. Fiori, L. M.; Turecki, G. Implication of the Polyamine System in Mental Disorders. J. Psychiatry Neurosci. 2008, 33 (2), 102–110.
26. Lewis, B.; Wellmann, K. A.; Barron, S.; Wellmann, Lewis, B.; Barron, S. Agmatine Reduces Balance Deficits in a Rat Model of Third Trimester Binge-like Ethanol Exposure. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 2007, 88 (1), 114–121.
27. Taksande; Kotagale, N. R.; Patel, M. R.; Shelkar, G. P.; Ugale, R. R.; Chopde, C. T. Agmatine, an Endogenous Imidazoline Receptor Ligand Modulates Ethanol Anxiolysis and Withdrawal Anxiety in Rats. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 2010, 637 (1–3), 89–101.
28. Taksande, B. G.; Khade, S. D.; Aglawe, M. M.; Gujar, S.; Chopde, C. T.; Kotagale, N. R. Agmatine Inhibits Behavioral Sensitization to Ethanol Through Imidazoline Receptors. Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. 2019, 43 (4), 747–757.
29. Sameer, S. M.; Chakraborty, S. S.; Ugale, R. R. Agmatine Attenuates Acquisition but Not the Expression of Ethanol Conditioned Place Preference in Mice. Behav. Pharmacol. 2013, 24 (2), 87–94.
30. Wellmann, K.; Lewis, B.; Barron, S. Agmatine Reduces Ultrasonic Vocalization Deficits in Female Rat Pups Exposed Neonatally to Ethanol. Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 2010, 32 (2), 158–163.
31. Chimthanawala, N.; Patil, S.; Agrawal, R.; Kotagale, N. R.; Umekar, M. J.; Taksande, B. G. Inhibitory Influence of Agmatine in Ethanol Withdrawal-Induced Depression in Rats: Behavioral and Neurochemical Evidence. Alcohol 2020, 83, 67–74.
32. Kale, M. B.; Chandurkar, P. A.; Taksande, B. G.; Aglawe, M. M.; Rahangdale, S. R.; Upaganlawar, A. B.; Kopalli, S. R.; Umekar, M. J.; Wankhede, N. L. Agmatine Alleviates Ethanol Withdrawal-Associated Cognitive Impairment and Neurochemical Imbalance in Rats. Neurosci. Lett. 2024, 832, 137804.
33. Aglawe, M. M.; Kale, M. B.; Rahangdale, S. R.; Kotagale, N. R.; Umekar, M. J.; Taksande, B. G. Agmatine Improves the Behavioral and Cognitive Impairments Associated with Chronic Gestational Ethanol Exposure in Rats. Brain Res. Bull. 2021, 167, 37–47.
34. Hausknecht, K. A.; Acheson, A.; Farrar, A. M.; Kieres, A. K.; Shen, R.-Y. Y.; Richards, J. B.; Sabol, K. E. Prenatal Alcohol Exposure Causes Attention Deficits in Male Rats. Behav. Neurosci. 2005, 119 (1), 302–310.
35. Lee, B.; Shim, I.; Lee, H.; Hahm, D.-H. Berberine Alleviates Symptoms of Anxiety by Enhancing Dopamine Expression in Rats with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Korean J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 2018, 22 (2), 183–192.
36. Goldstein, L. B.; Davis, J. N. Beam-Walking in Rats: Studies towards Developing an Animal Model of Functional Recovery after Brain Injury. J. Neurosci. Methods 1990, 31 (2), 101–107.
37. Ogura, T.; Ogata, M.; Akita, H.; Jitsuki, S.; Akiba, L.; Noda, K.; Hoka, S.; Saji, M. Impaired Acquisition of Skilled Behavior in Rotarod Task by Moderate Depletion of Striatal Dopamine in a Pre-Symptomatic Stage Model of Parkinson’s Disease. Neurosci. Res. 2005, 51 (3), 299–308.
38. Wankhede, N. L.; Kale, M. B.; Upasani, C. D.; Upaganlawar, A. B. Agmatine Attenuates Oxidative Stress In Alcohol-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder In Prenatal Ethanol Exposure Rat Model. J. Adv. Zool. 2024
39. Brien, J. F.; Chan, D.; Green, C. R.; Iqbal, U.; Gareri, J.; Kobus, S. M.; McLaughlin, B. E.; Klein, J.; Rao, C.; Reynolds, J. N.; Bocking, A. D.; Koren, G. Chronic Prenatal Ethanol Exposure and Increased Concentration of Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters in Meconium of Term Fetal Guinea Pig. Ther. Drug Monit. 2006, 28 (3), 345–350.
40. Hernández, J. A.; López-Sánchez, R. C.; Rendón-Ramírez, A. Lipids and Oxidative Stress Associated with Ethanol-Induced Neurological Damage. Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev. 2016, 2016, 1–15.
41. Mooney, S. M.; Miller, M. W. Role of Neurotrophins on Postnatal Neurogenesis in the Thalamus: Prenatal Exposure to Ethanol. Neuroscience 2011, 179, 256–266.
42. Gore-Langton, J. K.; Spear, L. P. Prenatal Ethanol Exposure Attenuates Sensitivity to the Aversive Effects of Ethanol in Adolescence and Increases Adult Preference for a 5% Ethanol Solution in Males, but Not Females. Alcohol 2019, 79, 59–69.
43. Reis, D. J.; Regunathan, S. Is Agmatine a Novel Neurotransmitter in Brain? Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 2000, 21 (5), 187–193.
44. Kale, M.; Nimje, N.; Aglawe, M. M.; Umekar, M.; Taksande, B.; Kotagale, N. Agmatine Modulates Anxiety and Depression-like Behaviour in Diabetic Insulin-Resistant Rats. Brain Res. 2020, 1747, 147045.
45. Wang, A.-L.; Micov, V. B.; Kwarteng, F.; Wang, R.; Hausknecht, K. A.; Oubraim, S.; Haj-Dahmane, S.; Shen, R.-Y. Prenatal Ethanol Exposure Leads to Persistent Anxiety-like Behavior during Adulthood Indicated by Reduced Horizontal and Vertical Exploratory Behaviors. Front. Neurosci. 2023, 17
46. Dixit, M. P.; Thakre, P. P.; Pannase, A. S.; Aglawe, M. M.; Taksande, B. G.; Kotagale, N. R. Imidazoline Binding Sites Mediates Anticompulsive-like Effect of Agmatine in Marble-Burying Behavior in Mice. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 2014, 732, 26–31.
47. Kim, J.-W. W.; Seung, H.; Kim, K. C.; Gonzales, E. L. T.; Oh, H. A.; Yang, S. M.; Ko, M. J.; Han, S.-H. H.; Banerjee, S.; Shin, C. Y. Agmatine Rescues Autistic Behaviors in the Valproic Acid-Induced Animal Model of Autism. Neuropharmacology 2017, 113 (September), 71–81
2. Chudley, A. E.; Kilgour, A. R.; Cranston, M.; Edwards, M. Challenges of Diagnosis in Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder in the Adult. Am. J. Med. Genet. Part C Semin. Med. Genet. 2007, 145C (3), 261–272.
3. Kable, J. A.; Mukherjee, R. A. S. Neurodevelopmental Disorder Associated with Prenatal Exposure to Alcohol (ND-PAE): A Proposed Diagnostic Method of Capturing the Neurocognitive Phenotype of FASD. Eur. J. Med. Genet. 2017, 60 (1), 49–54.
4. O’Connor, M. J.; Paley, B. Psychiatric Conditions Associated with Prenatal Alcohol Exposure. Dev. Disabil. Res. Rev. 2009, 15 (3), 225–234.
5. Astley, S. J.; Olson, H. C.; Kerns, K.; Brooks, A.; Aylward, E. H.; Coggins, T. E.; Davies, J.; Dorn, S.; Gendler, B.; Jirikowic, T.; Kraegel, P.; Maravilla, K.; Richards, T. Neuropyschological and Behavioral Outcomes from a Comprehensive Magnetic Resonance Study of Children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders. Can. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 2009, 16 (1), e178-201.
6. Iqbal, U.; Brien, J. F.; Kapoor, A.; Matthews, S. G.; Reynolds, J. N. Chronic Prenatal Ethanol Exposure Increases Glucocorticoid‐Induced Glutamate Release in the Hippocampus of the Near‐Term Foetal Guinea Pig. J. Neuroendocrinol. 2006, 18 (11), 826–834.
7. Bird, C. W.; Barber, M. J.; Post, H. R.; Jacquez, B.; Chavez, G. J.; Faturos, N. G.; Valenzuela, C. F. Neonatal Ethanol Exposure Triggers Apoptosis in the Murine Retrosplenial Cortex: Role of Inhibition of NMDA Receptor-Driven Action Potential Firing. Neuropharmacology 2020, 162, 107837.
8. Bhatia, S.; Drake, D. M.; Miller, L.; Wells, P. G. Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage in the Mechanism of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders. Birth Defects Res. 2019, 111 (12), 714–748.
9. Wells, P. G.; Bhatia, S.; Drake, D. M.; Miller‐Pinsler, L. Fetal Oxidative Stress Mechanisms of Neurodevelopmental Deficits and Exacerbation by Ethanol and Methamphetamine. Birth Defects Res. Part C Embryo Today Rev. 2016, 108 (2), 108–130.
10. Kane, C. J. M.; Douglas, J. C.; Rafferty, T.; Johnson, J. W.; Niedzwiedz‐Massey, V. M.; Phelan, K. D.; Majewska, A. K.; Drew, P. D. Ethanol Modulation of Cerebellar Neuroinflammation in a Postnatal Mouse Model of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders. J. Neurosci. Res. 2021, 99 (8), 1986–2007.
11. Noor, S.; Milligan, E. D. Lifelong Impacts of Moderate Prenatal Alcohol Exposure on Neuroimmune Function. Front. Immunol. 2018, 9
12. Reis, D. J.; Regunathan, S. Agmatine: An Endogenous Ligand at Imidazoline Receptors May Be a Novel Neurotransmitter in Brain. J. Auton. Nerv. Syst. 1998, 72 (2–3), 80–85.
13. Neis, V. B.; Rosa, P. B.; Olescowicz, G.; Rodrigues, A. L. S. Therapeutic Potential of Agmatine for CNS Disorders. Neurochem. Int. 2017, 108, 318–331.
14. Moretti, M.; Matheus, F. C.; De Oliveira, P. A.; Neis, V. B.; Ben, J.; Walz, R.; Rodrigues, A. L. S.; Prediger, R. D. Role of Agmatine in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Epilepsy. Front. Biosci. - Elit. 2014, 6 E (2), 341–359.
15. Ahn, S. K.; Hong, S.; Park, Y. M.; Lee, W. T.; Park, K. A.; Lee, J. E. Effects of Agmatine on Hypoxic Microglia and Activity of Nitric Oxide Synthase. Brain Res. 2011, 1373, 48–54.
16. Arndt, M. A.; Battaglia, V.; Parisi, E.; Lortie, M. J.; Isome, M.; Baskerville, C.; Pizzo, D. P.; Ientile, R.; Colombatto, S.; Toninello, A.; Satriano, J. The Arginine Metabolite Agmatine Protects Mitochondrial Function and Confers Resistance to Cellular Apoptosis. Am. J. Physiol. - Cell Physiol. 2009, 296 (6), 1411–1419.
17. Dhokne, M. D.; Dixit, M. P.; Kale, M. B.; Aglawe, M. M.; Umekar, M. J.; Taksande, B. G. Agmatine as a Novel Treatment Option for Neuropathies: Experimental Evidences. INNOSC Theranostics Pharmacol. Sci. 2023, 5 (2), 1–10.
18. Taksande, B. G.; Gawande, D. Y.; Chopde, C. T.; Umekar, M. J.; Kotagale, N. R.; Taksande; Gawande, D. Y.; Chopde, C. T.; Umekar, M. J.; Kotagale, N. R. Agmatine Ameliorates Adjuvant Induced Arthritis and Inflammatory Cachexia in Rats. Biomed. Pharmacother. 2017, 86, 271–278.
19. Wang, W.-P.; Iyo, A. H.; Miguel-Hidalgo, J.; Regunathan, S.; Zhu, M.-Y. Agmatine Protects against Cell Damage Induced by NMDA and Glutamate in Cultured Hippocampal Neurons. Brain Res. 2006, 1084 (1), 210–216.
20. Rafi, H.; Rafiq, H.; Farhan, M. Inhibition of NMDA Receptors by Agmatine Is Followed by GABA/Glutamate Balance in Benzodiazepine Withdrawal Syndrome. Beni-Suef Univ. J. Basic Appl. Sci. 2021, 10 (1)
21. Bergin, D. H.; Jing, Y.; Williams, G.; Mockett, B. G.; Zhang, H.; Abraham, W. C.; Liu, P. Safety and Neurochemical Profiles of Acute and Sub-Chronic Oral Treatment with Agmatine Sulfate. Sci. Rep. 2019, 9 (1), 1–13.
22. Freitas, A. E.; Neis, V. B.; Rodrigues, A. L. S. Agmatine, a Potential Novel Therapeutic Strategy for Depression. Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol. 2016, 26 (12), 1885–1899.
23. Lee, G. T.; Ha, H.; Lee, H. C.; Cho, Y. D. Agmatine Reduces Hydrogen Peroxide in Mesangial Cells under High Glucose Conditions. J. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 2003, 36 (3), 251–257.
24. Freitas, A. E.; Bettio, L. E. B.; Neis, V. B.; Moretti, M.; Ribeiro, C. M.; Lopes, M. W.; Leal, R. B.; Rodrigues, A. L. S. Sub-Chronic Agmatine Treatment Modulates Hippocampal Neuroplasticity and Cell Survival Signaling Pathways in Mice. J. Psychiatr. Res. 2014, 58, 137–146.
25. Fiori, L. M.; Turecki, G. Implication of the Polyamine System in Mental Disorders. J. Psychiatry Neurosci. 2008, 33 (2), 102–110.
26. Lewis, B.; Wellmann, K. A.; Barron, S.; Wellmann, Lewis, B.; Barron, S. Agmatine Reduces Balance Deficits in a Rat Model of Third Trimester Binge-like Ethanol Exposure. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 2007, 88 (1), 114–121.
27. Taksande; Kotagale, N. R.; Patel, M. R.; Shelkar, G. P.; Ugale, R. R.; Chopde, C. T. Agmatine, an Endogenous Imidazoline Receptor Ligand Modulates Ethanol Anxiolysis and Withdrawal Anxiety in Rats. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 2010, 637 (1–3), 89–101.
28. Taksande, B. G.; Khade, S. D.; Aglawe, M. M.; Gujar, S.; Chopde, C. T.; Kotagale, N. R. Agmatine Inhibits Behavioral Sensitization to Ethanol Through Imidazoline Receptors. Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. 2019, 43 (4), 747–757.
29. Sameer, S. M.; Chakraborty, S. S.; Ugale, R. R. Agmatine Attenuates Acquisition but Not the Expression of Ethanol Conditioned Place Preference in Mice. Behav. Pharmacol. 2013, 24 (2), 87–94.
30. Wellmann, K.; Lewis, B.; Barron, S. Agmatine Reduces Ultrasonic Vocalization Deficits in Female Rat Pups Exposed Neonatally to Ethanol. Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 2010, 32 (2), 158–163.
31. Chimthanawala, N.; Patil, S.; Agrawal, R.; Kotagale, N. R.; Umekar, M. J.; Taksande, B. G. Inhibitory Influence of Agmatine in Ethanol Withdrawal-Induced Depression in Rats: Behavioral and Neurochemical Evidence. Alcohol 2020, 83, 67–74.
32. Kale, M. B.; Chandurkar, P. A.; Taksande, B. G.; Aglawe, M. M.; Rahangdale, S. R.; Upaganlawar, A. B.; Kopalli, S. R.; Umekar, M. J.; Wankhede, N. L. Agmatine Alleviates Ethanol Withdrawal-Associated Cognitive Impairment and Neurochemical Imbalance in Rats. Neurosci. Lett. 2024, 832, 137804.
33. Aglawe, M. M.; Kale, M. B.; Rahangdale, S. R.; Kotagale, N. R.; Umekar, M. J.; Taksande, B. G. Agmatine Improves the Behavioral and Cognitive Impairments Associated with Chronic Gestational Ethanol Exposure in Rats. Brain Res. Bull. 2021, 167, 37–47.
34. Hausknecht, K. A.; Acheson, A.; Farrar, A. M.; Kieres, A. K.; Shen, R.-Y. Y.; Richards, J. B.; Sabol, K. E. Prenatal Alcohol Exposure Causes Attention Deficits in Male Rats. Behav. Neurosci. 2005, 119 (1), 302–310.
35. Lee, B.; Shim, I.; Lee, H.; Hahm, D.-H. Berberine Alleviates Symptoms of Anxiety by Enhancing Dopamine Expression in Rats with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Korean J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 2018, 22 (2), 183–192.
36. Goldstein, L. B.; Davis, J. N. Beam-Walking in Rats: Studies towards Developing an Animal Model of Functional Recovery after Brain Injury. J. Neurosci. Methods 1990, 31 (2), 101–107.
37. Ogura, T.; Ogata, M.; Akita, H.; Jitsuki, S.; Akiba, L.; Noda, K.; Hoka, S.; Saji, M. Impaired Acquisition of Skilled Behavior in Rotarod Task by Moderate Depletion of Striatal Dopamine in a Pre-Symptomatic Stage Model of Parkinson’s Disease. Neurosci. Res. 2005, 51 (3), 299–308.
38. Wankhede, N. L.; Kale, M. B.; Upasani, C. D.; Upaganlawar, A. B. Agmatine Attenuates Oxidative Stress In Alcohol-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder In Prenatal Ethanol Exposure Rat Model. J. Adv. Zool. 2024
39. Brien, J. F.; Chan, D.; Green, C. R.; Iqbal, U.; Gareri, J.; Kobus, S. M.; McLaughlin, B. E.; Klein, J.; Rao, C.; Reynolds, J. N.; Bocking, A. D.; Koren, G. Chronic Prenatal Ethanol Exposure and Increased Concentration of Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters in Meconium of Term Fetal Guinea Pig. Ther. Drug Monit. 2006, 28 (3), 345–350.
40. Hernández, J. A.; López-Sánchez, R. C.; Rendón-Ramírez, A. Lipids and Oxidative Stress Associated with Ethanol-Induced Neurological Damage. Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev. 2016, 2016, 1–15.
41. Mooney, S. M.; Miller, M. W. Role of Neurotrophins on Postnatal Neurogenesis in the Thalamus: Prenatal Exposure to Ethanol. Neuroscience 2011, 179, 256–266.
42. Gore-Langton, J. K.; Spear, L. P. Prenatal Ethanol Exposure Attenuates Sensitivity to the Aversive Effects of Ethanol in Adolescence and Increases Adult Preference for a 5% Ethanol Solution in Males, but Not Females. Alcohol 2019, 79, 59–69.
43. Reis, D. J.; Regunathan, S. Is Agmatine a Novel Neurotransmitter in Brain? Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 2000, 21 (5), 187–193.
44. Kale, M.; Nimje, N.; Aglawe, M. M.; Umekar, M.; Taksande, B.; Kotagale, N. Agmatine Modulates Anxiety and Depression-like Behaviour in Diabetic Insulin-Resistant Rats. Brain Res. 2020, 1747, 147045.
45. Wang, A.-L.; Micov, V. B.; Kwarteng, F.; Wang, R.; Hausknecht, K. A.; Oubraim, S.; Haj-Dahmane, S.; Shen, R.-Y. Prenatal Ethanol Exposure Leads to Persistent Anxiety-like Behavior during Adulthood Indicated by Reduced Horizontal and Vertical Exploratory Behaviors. Front. Neurosci. 2023, 17
46. Dixit, M. P.; Thakre, P. P.; Pannase, A. S.; Aglawe, M. M.; Taksande, B. G.; Kotagale, N. R. Imidazoline Binding Sites Mediates Anticompulsive-like Effect of Agmatine in Marble-Burying Behavior in Mice. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 2014, 732, 26–31.
47. Kim, J.-W. W.; Seung, H.; Kim, K. C.; Gonzales, E. L. T.; Oh, H. A.; Yang, S. M.; Ko, M. J.; Han, S.-H. H.; Banerjee, S.; Shin, C. Y. Agmatine Rescues Autistic Behaviors in the Valproic Acid-Induced Animal Model of Autism. Neuropharmacology 2017, 113 (September), 71–81
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Mar 22, 2023
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Nitu L. Wankhede, Mayur B. Kale, Chandrashekhar D. Upasani, & Aman B. Upaganlawar. (2023). PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF AGMATINE ON PRENATAL ETHANOL-RELATED BEHAVIORAL DEFICITS. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(3), 2448-2456. https://doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v31i3.6634
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Author Biographies
Nitu L. Wankhede
Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India- 441002
Mayur B. Kale
Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India- 441002
Chandrashekhar D. Upasani
SNJB’s Shriman Sureshdada Jain College of Pharmacy, Neminagar, Chandwad, Nashik, Maharashtra- India- 423101
Aman B. Upaganlawar
SNJB’s Shriman Sureshdada Jain College of Pharmacy, Neminagar, Chandwad, Nashik, Maharashtra- India- 423101
Mobile No- 9511744878
How to Cite
Nitu L. Wankhede, Mayur B. Kale, Chandrashekhar D. Upasani, & Aman B. Upaganlawar. (2023). PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF AGMATINE ON PRENATAL ETHANOL-RELATED BEHAVIORAL DEFICITS. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(3), 2448-2456. https://doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v31i3.6634