RENAL ATHEROEMBOLIC DISEASE IN THE AGING POPULATION: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF PATHOLOGY, DIAGNOSIS, AND THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES

Abstract

Background: The prevalence of renal atheroembolic disease has surged alongside the ageing population, intensified anticoagulation therapy, and increased vascular interventionism. This review aims to present a contemporary overview of this pathology, covering risk factors, diagnostics, histopathology, and therapeutic strategies.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted to gather pertinent studies and clinical reports related to renal atheroembolic disease. Key databases were queried, and relevant articles were selected based on their relevance to the topic.

Results: Renal atheroembolic disease typically manifests in patients with diffuse atherosclerosis, often following triggers such as aortic surgery, invasive procedures (e.g., angiography, coronary angioplasty), or anticoagulant/fibrinolytic therapy. Clinical presentation varies widely due to the occlusion of small arterial vessels by cholesterol emboli originating from atheromatous plaques, primarily in the abdominal aorta or its major branches. The kidneys, owing to their proximity and high blood flow, are frequently affected. Despite its clinical significance, the systemic nature of atheroembolism complicates diagnosis, leading to frequent underrecognition.

Conclusion: This manuscript offers an updated synthesis of renal atheroembolic disease, emphasizing its contemporary clinical relevance. Understanding the risk factors, diagnostic challenges, histopathological features, and therapeutic options is crucial for effective management and improved outcomes in nephropathic patients.