PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND CLINICAL MANAGEMENT OF DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS (DKA): ARTICLE REVIEW
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Keywords
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), Pathophysiology, Management.
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a medical condition characterized by the absence of proper insulin functioning in the body, leading to the unopposed effects of the glucagon hormone. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is recognized as a severe and acute life-threatening complication that can arise from type 1 diabetes mellitus. It is important to note that DKA might manifest as the initial presentation of this particular medical condition. Individuals who do not adhere to their insulin therapy regimen or fail to administer insulin as prescribed are at a significantly higher risk of developing DKA. The onset of this condition is often triggered by severe illnesses such as pneumonia or myocardial infarction, which can result in increased levels of hormones that oppose insulin, such as adrenaline and glucocorticoids. Consequently, DKA is closely linked with disturbances in Acid-Base balance and Electrolyte levels within the body, further complicating the individual's overall health status. In this review, we highlight the significance of DKA and its pathophysiology, specifically focusing on suggestions for managing and treating it based on the available evidence.
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Fatimah Hussain Alzaher
Al-Khobar Health Network
Hashim Mohammed Alawi Aljarrash
Al-Khobar Health Network
Madhawi Ali Al-Mutairi
Al-Khobar Health Network
Aisha Ebrahim Al-Dossary
Al-Khobar Health Network
Khameal Hussain Mohammad Al-Zaher
Primary Healthcare Network – Dammam
Fatimah Hassan Al Sheef
Primary Healthcare Network – Dammam
Kareemah Abdullah Shokan
Qatif Health Network – Qatif
Aqeelh Abdulaziz Said Al Ibrahim
Primary Healthcare Center – National Guard – Dammam
Akeelah Abdullah Hussain Al Khalaf
Primary Healthcare Center – National Guard – Dammam
Faten Hassan Al Sheef Staff Nurse
Primary Healthcare Center – National Guard – Dammam
Abdullah Mohammed Ahmed Alezzy
Primary Healthcare Network – Dammam
Fahad Ibrahim S Alotaibi
Primary Healthcare Center – National Guard – Dammam
Ameerah Ibraheem Almredeef
Primary Healthcare Center – National Guard – Dammam
Mona Mohammed Al Huzaia
Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs – Dammam